Buddhism in Sri Lanka

General

Buddhism in Sri Lanka is primarily of the Theravada school, and constitutes the religious faith of about 70% of the population [cite web | date = | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ce.html | title = The World Factbook: Sri Lanka | work = CIA World Factbook | accessdate = 2006-08-12 .] According to traditional Sri Lankan chronicles (such as the Dipavamsa), Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka in the 2nd century BCE by Venerable Mahinda, the son of the Emperor Ashoka, during the reign of Sri Lanka's King Devanampiyatissa. During this time, a sapling of the Bodhi Tree was brought to Sri Lanka and the first monasteries were established under the sponsorship of the Sri Lankan king. The Pali Canon, having previously been preserved as an oral tradition, was first committed to writing in Sri Lanka around 30 BCE.

Sri Lanka has the longest continuous history of Buddhism of any Buddhist nation, with the Sangha having existed in a largely unbroken lineage since its introduction in the 2nd century. During periods of decline, the Sri Lankan monastic lineage was revived through contact with Myanmar and Thailand. Periods of Mahayana influence, as well as official neglect under colonial rule, created great challenges for Theravada Buddhist institutions in Sri Lanka, but repeated revivals and resurgences- most recently in the 19th century CE- have kept the Theravada tradition alive for over 2000 years.

Christian missionaries and colonialism

From the 16th century onward, Christian missionaries and Portuguese, Dutch and English colonizers of Sri Lanka have attempted to convert the local population to Christianity. In the late 19th century, a national Buddhist movement started, inspired by the American Buddhist Henry Steel Olcott, and empowered by the results of the Panadura debate between a Christian priest and the Buddhist monk Migettuwatte Gunananda Therawho.

Divisions in the Buddhist clergy

The different sects of the Sri Lankan Buddhist clergy are referred to as Nikayas, and three main Nikayas are:

*Siam Nikaya, founded in the 18th century by Ven. Upali, a Thai monk who was invited by the King of Kandy Kirti Sri Rajasinghe, and on the initiative of Ven. Weliwita Saranankara.
*Amarapura Nikaya, founded in 1800 with higher ordination obtained from Myanmar (Burma)
*Ramanna Nikaya, founded in 1864 by Ambagahawatte Saranankara.

Within these three main divisions there are numerous other divisions, some of which are caste based. There are no doctrinal differences among any of them.

Notes

ee also

*Demographics of Sri Lanka
*Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery
*Ashoka

External links

* [http://www.gautamabuddha.org Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery - Sri Lanka]
* [http://buddhactivity.org/action.htm?-Response=buddhacountry.htm&ccountry=Sri%20Lanka Buddhactivity Dharma Centres database]
* [http://mahavamsa.org/ The Mahavamsa History of Sri Lanka] The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka
* [http://www.bps.lk/wheels_library/wh_281.html#_Toc159679743 Colonel Olcott and the Buddhist Revival In Sri Lanka]
* [http://www.kelaniyatemple.com Kelani Rajamaha Viharaya]