- USS Chivo (SS-341)
USS "Chivo" (SS-341), a "Balao"-class
submarine , was a ship of theUnited States Navy named for thechivo or big-scaledgoatfish "Pseudopenaeus grandisquamis", a fish inhabiting thePacific Ocean betweenPanama andMexico ."Chivo" was launched
14 January 1945 byElectric Boat Company,Groton, Conn. ; sponsored by Mrs.Raymond E. Baldwin , wife of the governor ofConnecticut ; and commissioned28 April 1945 , Lieutenant Commander William R. Crutcher, USNR, in command.1945 – 1950
"Chivo" departed New London
7 June 1945 forKey West where she trained and exercised briefly at the sound school and experimental torpedo range, before sailing on toPearl Harbor in company with USS|Requin|SS-481|3 and USS|Redfish|SS-395|3. While the submarine was preparing for her first war patrol, hostilities ended; "Chivo" then remained at Pearl Harbor, operating locally with other ships of the Pacific Fleet. Assigned to Submarine Squadron Seven (SubRon 7), she returned to the States in October, basing out of San Diego, Calif. for local operations which continued until January 1946, when "Chivo" sailed for a short tour of duty operating out ofSubic Bay in thePhilippines . Returning to San Diego in May, the submarine exercised along the west coast for the next 15 months, a period culminating in an overhaul atMare Island Naval Shipyard .Growing tensions in Asia, provoked in part by French conflict with the
Vietminh inIndochina and disagreements over the future ofKorea , encouraged the Navy to conduct more realistic training for submariners. As part of this general approach, "Chivo" began a three-month simulated war patrol in August 1947 which took her toSuva ,Fiji Islands ;Guam ; andJapan ; before she arrived back at San Diego in November. West coast duty continued for her until mid-1949 when she was transferred to the Atlantic Fleet, arriving at her newhome port of Key West, Fla. and Submarine Squadron Four (SubRon 4) on4 July 1949 . During her transit there the boat's movement reports describe one of the hazards of sailing in the warm waters in theWest Indies when "Chivo" "struck unidentified submerged object, possiblyturtle ." The submarine provided training and services for Atlantic Fleet ships in intertype exercises until30 October 1950 when she arrived at New London to begin an extensive Greater Underwater Propulsion Program (GUPPY 1-A) overhaul and modernization. The modifications included streamlining the hull and superstructure, adding asnorkel to allowdiesel engine operation while atperiscope depth and increasing overall battery power.1951 – 1960
With increased power and a new streamlined shape, "Chivo" returned to duty with the Atlantic Fleet in July 1951, resuming
anti-submarine warfare (ASW) training operations with surface ships as well as maintaining proficiency in anti-shipping andmine warfare . These drills and exercises took place mainly off Key West and Guantanamo Bay. This regular training continued until19 April 1952 when "Chivo" sailed for a short cruise with the 6th Fleet in theMediterranean , visiting Augusta,Sicily ;Cannes andMarseille ,France ; andNaples ,Italy ; before returning home via theAzores in June.Assigned to Submarine Squadron Twelve (SubRon 12) upon her return to Key West, the submarine resumed her familiar training routine with the Fleet Sonar School interspersed with port visits to
Havana ,Cuba ;Montego Bay ,Jamaica ; andPort au Prince ,Haiti . Aside from a three-month overhaul at Philadelphia between January and May 1953, "Chivo" remained in the West Indies until October when the submarine transited thePanama Canal for a month of operations off thePacific coast ofColombia . This training period continued until May 1954 when the boat began a four-month regular overhaul atCharleston Naval Shipyard . She again returned to Fleet Sonar School duty in September, with such employment put on hold in March 1955 for a ten-week battery renewal restricted availability. In a change to her normal schedule, the submarine visitedGulfport, Mississippi , in March 1956 andNew York City in August of that same year. After another visit to Gulfport in January 1957 to train reservists, andSantiago de Cuba in February, "Chivo" commenced an overhaul at Charleston Naval Shipyard in March. Returning to normal duty out of Key West in September, the boat remained there save for the occasional port visit to Gulf Ports until transferred to Charleston and Submarine Squadron Four in July 1959, a shift completed after a short cruise north to Boston, andQuebec City ,Canada the previous month. "Chivo" resumed her familiar ASW services out of Charleston shortly thereafter, a duty she continued in January 1960 with ASW services to patrol aircraft offBermuda . She followed that with another overhaul at Charleston Naval Shipyard between March and September, with repairs and modifications that included a new sonar system.On
4 October 1960 "Chivo" began her first out-of-area cruise in eight years, though she first sailed south to St. Thomas,Virgin Islands , for a two-week amphibious exercise with the 2d Reconnaissance Company,Fleet Marine Force . The submarine then sailed toSouth Africa , viaTrinidad ,British West Indies , for Operation CAPEX-60, a joint ASW exercise with British, French, Portuguese and South African ships and aircraft. While en route, the boat held the traditional crossing-the-line ceremonies at theequator . As put by the "Navy Times ", "Although greatly outnumbered, the fifteen 'shellbacks' kept complete control as they initiated the 'polywogs' into the Ancient Order of the Deep." The exercise, which included port visits toSimonstown ,Port Elizabeth andCape Town , lasted through November and "Chivo" did not return home to Charleston, via San Juan,Puerto Rico , until21 December .1961 – 1971
Over the next few years, "Chivo" continued to specialize in her role as an "
opposition force " (i.e. Soviet) submarine during ASW training exercises. These included pretending to launch aballistic missile at the United States, disrupting "blue force" amphibiousconvoy s or attempting submerged transits against reconnaissance aircraft patrols. In the latter case during Operation DeltEx XV in October 1962, "Chivo" managed to stay undetected during a three-day submerged transit opposed by aircraft from Norfolk and Bermuda. In addition to conducting similar exercises in 1963, the submarine also received a plastic fairwater sail to help with underwater speed during a regular overhaul at Charleston between February and June 1964.On
4 January 1965 the submarine got underway for her second Mediterranean deployment, stopping atLisbon ,Portugal ; and Rota,Spain ; before beginning a series of exercises withNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces offItaly andTurkey . The boat sailed for home fromAthens ,Greece , on14 April and arrived, via Rota, on2 May . "Chivo" spent the rest of the year conducting her usual local training operations, including a specialized mine planting exercise. A regularly scheduled five-month overhaul took place at Charleston in early 1966, followed by type training and the usual ASW services to various Atlantic Fleet units. During this period "Chivo" also participated in the final weapons range acceptance tests for the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in theBahama Islands .Local operations continued into 1967, with "Chivo" servicing warships and submarines out of Guantanamo Bay and conducting Prospective Commanding Officer (PCO) training in nearby operating areas. This routine was only broken in January 1968 when the submarine participated in destroyer-submarine Exercise Springboard I, a six-week exercise that allowed "Chivo" to conduct forty-eight torpedo firings at surface and sub-surface targets, greatly improving the skill of the fire control team. Following upkeep alongside
submarine tender USS|Howard W. Gilmore|AS-16|3, the submarine then sailed north on26 May to assist inSearch and Rescue (SAR) operations for USS|Scorpion|SSN-589|3, with "Chivo" assisting in tracing the intended track of the wrecked submarine. During November, "Chivo" provided services for the AUTEC range at Bermuda before ending the year at Charleston. After another overhaul between January and August 1969, the submarine conducted refresher and type training in preparation for Exercise Springboard II in January 1970. After a port visit to San Juan, Puerto Rico, in mid-January, the boat sailed north toPortsmouth, Virginia , for repairs. She then conducted two months of training services out of Guantanamo Bay before returning to Charleston on28 April .At this time, the Navy — needing money and qualified manpower elsewhere — reduced "Chivo"’s manning level to 43 sailors and placed the boat in cadre or "non-operational" status. A service inspection completed on
16 February 1971 determined the boat was unfit for further service, as "Chivo" was "far below the standards of a Guppy III submarine considered the minimum required to meet the increasing demands of present and future submarine warfare requirements." Although temporarily returned to active duty on26 February 1971 , the status change was in preparation for her transfer to a foreign navy that summer. There was still time for providing training and services, however, and the submarine conducted operational readiness exercises with USS|Seahorse|SSN-669|3 in March; mainly conducting trailing, approach and torpedo firing exercises with the newer nuclear-powered submarine. "Chivo" provided the same "opposition force" training for USS|Sunfish|SSN-649|3 in April and USS|Whale|SSN-638|3 in May. These services ended when Argentine Naval personnel arrived at Charleston on15 June to receive two weeks of underway training with "Chivo"’s crew, focusing on diving, surfacing and snorkeling evolutions."Chivo" decommissioned at
Charleston Navy Yard on1 July 1971 and was struck from the Navy list that same day.ARA "Santiago del Estero" (S-22)
The submarine was transferred (sold) to
Argentina , under terms of the Security Assistance Program on1 July 1971 . She served in the Argentine Navy ("Armada de la República Argentina") as ARA "Santiago del Estero" (S-22) — the third submarine to be named in honor ofSantiago del Estero Province . Paid off in September 1981, she played no active role in theFalklands War and was disposed of in 1983.References
*DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/c8/chivo.htm|http://hazegray.org/danfs/submar/ss341.htm
External links
*navsource|08/08341|Chivo
* [http://www.usschivo.org/ USS "Chivo" website]
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