Exotic Becomes Erotic theory

The Exotic Becomes Erotic theory presents one possible explanation as to what causes homosexuality. It was developed by Daryl Bem, a social psychologist at Cornell University. It theorized that the influence of biological factors on sexual orientation may be mediated by experiences in childhood. A child's temperament predisposes the child to prefer certain activities over others. Because of their temperament, which is influenced by biological variables such as genetic factors, some children will be attracted to activities that are commonly enjoyed by other children of the same gender. Others will prefer activities that are typical of the other gender. This will make a gender-conforming child feel different from opposite-gender children, while gender-nonconforming children will feel different from children of their own gender. According to Bem, this feeling of difference will evoke physiological arousal when the child is near members of the gender which it considers as being 'different'. Bem theorizes that this physiological arousal will later be transformed into sexual arousal: children will become sexually attracted to the gender which they see as different ("exotic"). This theory is known as "Exotic Becomes Erotic" (EBE) theory.Bem, D. J. (1996). [http://dbem.ws/Exotic%20Becomes%20Erotic.pdf Exotic becomes erotic: A developmental theory of sexual orientation] . "Psychological Review", 103: 320-335.]

The theory is based in part on the frequent finding that a majority of gay men and lesbians report being gender-nonconforming during their childhood years. A meta-analysis of 48 studies showed childhood gender nonconformity to be the strongest predictor of a homosexual orientation for both men and women. [Bailey, J.M., and Zucker, K.J. (1995). [http://content.apa.org/journals/dev/31/1/43 Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review] . "Developmental Psychology", 31(1): 43-55.] For example, in a study by the Kinsey Institute of approximately 1000 gay men and lesbians (and a control group of 500 heterosexual men and women), 63% of both gay men and lesbians reported that they were gender nonconforming in childhood (i.e., did not like activities typical of their sex), compared with only 10-15% of heterosexual men and women. There are also six "prospective" studies--that is longitudinal studies that begin with gender-nonconforming boys at about age 7 and follow them up into adolescence and adulthood. These also show that a majority (63%) of the gender nonconforming boys become gay or bisexual as adults. (Zucker, 1990) There are no prospective studies of gender nonconforming girls.

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