The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) also known as solute carrier family 5, member 5 (SLC5A5) is an ion pump that actively transports iodide (I-) across the basolateral membrane into thyroid epithelial cells.[cite journal | author = Dai G, Levy O, Carrasco N | title = Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter | journal = Nature | volume = 379 | issue = 6564 | pages = 458–60 | year = 1996 | month = February | pmid = 8559252 | doi = 10.1038/379458a0 | url = ] ][cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SLC5A5 solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter), member 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6528| accessdate = ] ][cite journal | author = Smanik PA, Ryu KY, Theil KS, Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM | title = Expression, exon-intron organization, and chromosome mapping of the human sodium iodide symporter | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 138 | issue = 8 | pages = 3555–8 | year = 1997 | month = August | pmid = 9231811 | url = | doi = 10.1210/en.138.8.3555 ] The NIS a member of the sodium/solute symporter family.][cite journal | author = Dohán O, De la Vieja A, Paroder V, Riedel C, Artani M, Reed M, Ginter CS, Carrasco N | title = The sodium/iodide Symporter (NIS): characterization, regulation, and medical significance | journal = Endocr. Rev. | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–77 | year = 2003 | month = February | pmid = 12588808 | url = | doi = 10.1210/er.2001-0029 ] ]Function
Active transport of iodine into the thyroid gland an important step in the process of iodide organification and the formation of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).[cite journal | author = Dohán O, Portulano C, Basquin C, Reyna-Neyra A, Amzel LM, Carrasco N | title = The Na+/I- symporter (NIS) mediates electroneutral active transport of the environmental pollutant perchlorate | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 104 | issue = 51 | pages = 20250–5 | year = 2007 | month = December | pmid = 18077370 | pmc = 2154417 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0707207104 | url = ] The symporter is stimulated by TSH, thereby increasing iodine uptake and iodination of tyrosine.][cite journal | author = Porra V, Ferraro-Peyret C, Durand C, Selmi-Ruby S, Giroud H, Berger-Dutrieux N, Decaussin M, Peix JL, Bournaud C, Orgiazzi J, Borson-Chazot F, Dante R, Rousset B | title = Silencing of the tumor suppressor gene SLC5A8 is associated with BRAF mutations in classical papillary thyroid carcinomas | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 3028–35 | year = 2005 | month = May | pmid = 15687339 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2004-1394 | url = ] ]Mechanism
The pump symports two sodium ions for every iodide ion. This symporter is driven by low internal sodium concentration in the thyroid epithelial cells, via facilitated diffusion, caused by the sodium/potassium ATPase pump.
Inhibitors
This pump is the target of certain anion based inhibitors such as perchlorate, pertechnetate, and thiocyanate.[cite journal | author = Van Sande J, Massart C, Beauwens R, Schoutens A, Costagliola S, Dumont JE, Wolff J | title = Anion selectivity by the sodium iodide symporter | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 144 | issue = 1 | pages = 247–52 | year = 2003 | month = January | pmid = 12488351 | url = | doi = 10.1210/en.2002-220744 ] ]ee also
* symporter
* Solute carrier family
References
Further reading
PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Fukushima K, Kaneko CR, Fuchs AF |title=The neuronal substrate of integration in the oculomotor system |journal=Prog. Neurobiol. |volume=39 |issue= 6 |pages= 609–39 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1410443 |doi=
*cite journal | author=De La Vieja A, Dohan O, Levy O, Carrasco N |title=Molecular analysis of the sodium/iodide symporter: impact on thyroid and extrathyroid pathophysiology |journal=Physiol. Rev. |volume=80 |issue= 3 |pages= 1083–105 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10893432 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Dohán O, De la Vieja A, Paroder V, "et al." |title=The sodium/iodide Symporter (NIS): characterization, regulation, and medical significance |journal=Endocr. Rev. |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 48–77 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12588808 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kogai T, Taki K, Brent GA |title=Enhancement of sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid and breast cancer |journal=Endocr. Relat. Cancer |volume=13 |issue= 3 |pages= 797–826 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16954431 |doi= 10.1677/erc.1.01143
*cite journal | author=Riesco-Eizaguirre G, Santisteban P |title=A perspective view of sodium iodide symporter research and its clinical implications |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=155 |issue= 4 |pages= 495–512 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16990649 |doi= 10.1530/eje.1.02257
*cite journal | author=Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, "et al." |title=Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=54 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 82–3 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2249482 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Albero R, Cerdan A, Sanchez Franco F |title=Congenital hypothyroidism from complete iodide transport defect: long-term evolution with iodide treatment |journal=Postgraduate medical journal |volume=63 |issue= 746 |pages= 1043–7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3451231 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Couch RM, Dean HJ, Winter JS |title=Congenital hypothyroidism caused by defective iodide transport |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=106 |issue= 6 |pages= 950–3 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3998954 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Smanik PA, Liu Q, Furminger TL, "et al." |title=Cloning of the human sodium lodide symporter |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=226 |issue= 2 |pages= 339–45 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8806637 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Miki K, "et al." |title=Congenital hypothyroidism caused by a mutation in the Na+/I- symporter |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=16 |issue= 2 |pages= 124–5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9171822 |doi= 10.1038/ng0697-124
*cite journal | author=Smanik PA, Ryu KY, Theil KS, "et al." |title=Expression, exon-intron organization, and chromosome mapping of the human sodium iodide symporter |journal=Endocrinology |volume=138 |issue= 8 |pages= 3555–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9231811 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Saito T, Endo T, Kawaguchi A, "et al." |title=Increased expression of the Na+/I- symporter in cultured human thyroid cells exposed to thyrotropin and in Graves' thyroid tissue |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue= 10 |pages= 3331–6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9329364 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Pohlenz J, Medeiros-Neto G, Gross JL, "et al." |title=Hypothyroidism in a Brazilian kindred due to iodide trapping defect caused by a homozygous mutation in the sodium/iodide symporter gene |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=240 |issue= 2 |pages= 488–91 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9388506 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7594
*cite journal | author=Matsuda A, Kosugi S |title=A homozygous missense mutation of the sodium/iodide symporter gene causing iodide transport defect |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue= 12 |pages= 3966–71 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9398697 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Pohlenz J, Rosenthal IM, Weiss RE, "et al." |title=Congenital hypothyroidism due to mutations in the sodium/iodide symporter. Identification of a nonsense mutation producing a downstream cryptic 3' splice site |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=101 |issue= 5 |pages= 1028–35 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9486973 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Venkataraman GM, Yatin M, Ain KB |title=Cloning of the human sodium-iodide symporter promoter and characterization in a differentiated human thyroid cell line, KAT-50 |journal=Thyroid |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 63–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9492156 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Levy O, Ginter CS, De la Vieja A, "et al." |title=Identification of a structural requirement for thyroid Na+/I- symporter (NIS) function from analysis of a mutation that causes human congenital hypothyroidism |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=429 |issue= 1 |pages= 36–40 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9657379 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Miki K, "et al." |title=Recurrent T354P mutation of the Na+/I- symporter in patients with iodide transport defect |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=83 |issue= 8 |pages= 2940–3 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9709973 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kosugi S, Inoue S, Matsuda A, Jhiang SM |title=Novel, missense and loss-of-function mutations in the sodium/iodide symporter gene causing iodide transport defect in three Japanese patients |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=83 |issue= 9 |pages= 3373–6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9745458 |doi=
External links
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