Counterfeit watch

A fake Rolex Daytona bought on the streets in New York City.

A counterfeit watch is an illegal copy of an authentic watch. According to estimates by the Swiss Customs Service, there are some 30 to 40 million counterfeit watches put into circulation each year.^[1] For example, the number and value of Customs’ seizures rose from CHF 400,000 and 18 seizures in 1995 to CHF 10,300,000 and 572 seizures in 2005.^[1] Counterfeits watches cause an estimated $1 Billion loss per year to the watch industry.^[2]

History

Forgery of watches became a serious problem in the eighteenth century when Britain came to rival France as the leading producer of quality clocks and watches. By the middle of the century, watchmakers in Augsburg (Germany) and in various small towns in French-speaking Switzerland were producing watches falsely signed with the names of well-known English makers such as George Graham and Eardley Norton. Other, less obvious, forgeries carried imaginary names with a vaguely English sound, such as 'Samson' or 'Simpton'. In the following century Breguet became a frequent target for forgers; at the same time British makers continued to suffer, many forgeries bearing the name 'M. J. Tobias' - a mistake for a real London maker named Michael Isaac Tobias. In the 1860s, when the American watch industry was gaining strength, the Swiss industry was responsible for many imitations of Waltham watches; these, unlike most of the earlier forgeries, often imitated the appearance of the genuine article quite closely as well as borrowing the names. This practice died out in the early 1870s, as the Swiss could not compete, so surrendered the mass-market field to U.S. firms and focused on branding high end status symbols.

Modern infringers

Swiss Customs estimates that 40% of counterfeit watches come from China,^[3] but counterfeits are produced elsewhere, even in the US The Swiss Customs Service is obliged to confiscate and destroy such goods.^[why?] While there are some exceptions, counterfeit jewellery is confiscated in all cases.^[4]

Types of counterfeits

Trademark violations: Infringing on the rightfully owned trademarks, hallmarks, symbols and any other distinctive signs of a reputed Swiss watch brand, with or without complete trade-dress or design violation. This extends to other false indications and or markings in violation of any law, or official agreement. Typical noted examples would include, "Swiss Made", "Water Resistant", "Shock Resistant", false precious metal or any other "Noble metal" indications.

Trade-dress or design violations: The second group involves counterfeit watches designed to resemble the original (a trade dress violation). Some high-priced counterfeit watches are produced from inferior materials and have golden parts and leather straps.^[5]

Counterfeit Rolex watches

Rolex counterfeits are illegally manufactured replicas of Rolex watches. Like many high-priced luxury brand-name watches such as Cartier and Bvlgari, Rolex watches are frequently counterfeited and illegally sold on city streets and the Internet. There has been an "open market" for these types of watches along Canal Street in NYC for over 20 years.^[6] These counterfeits are mainly produced in Asia. EU figures show that at least 54% of fakes seized in 2004 originated in China.^[7] They commonly retail anywhere from $5 to upwards of $1,000; the latter for high-end replicas with portions fabricated from solid karat gold (although most gold Rolex fakes utilize gold electroplating). Such watches have been nicknamed Foolex, Bolex, Frolex, Folex and Fauxlex.^[8] The fake Rolex trade has become segmented and the products marketed using glossy color brochures and catalogues containing counterfeited wares produced in China and offered for sale to retail vendors throughout Asia.

Counterfeit characteristics

A counterfeit Patek Phillipe watch. The hand on the left sub-dial has fallen off.

A common myth states that a genuine watch can be discerned from a fake by the fluid movement of the sweep hand. This is because many counterfeited watches use inexpensive crystal quartz movements which produces the start/stop once per second sweep. Observed closely, one will see that even a true Rolex movement is not a perfectly smooth sweep, but is actually eight movements per second (or 28,800 per hour) in some models or around 21,000 vph. in other models. The only mechanical watches that have a second hand that moves across the dial in a truly uninterrupted sweep are the Bulova tuning fork movement and the Seiko Spring Drive. Nonetheless, some of the counterfeits have automatic movements, and Rolex has produced a few models with quartz movements, such as the OysterQuartz which produces the distinct quartz movement ticks.^[9] The modern high-end replica watch industry now produces watches which can rival many high street "designer" brands for quality, workmanship and accuracy (timekeeping), utilising genuine (and also imitation) Swiss mechanical movements. Another facet of the replica watch industry is that, via collectors and amateur horologists: such watches of a certain esteem are modified with genuine parts where physically possible. Such as movements, dials, hands, bracelets. These creations are known as Frankenwatches, or simply Franken.

Hallmarks

According to the Swiss Customs Service, counterfeit watches can be made in such a manner as to require special equipment to confirm near authenticity. A high price is not a guarantee of authenticity. Indications of fineness do not necessarily indicate authenticity. Hallmarks can be forged, and may induce a buyer to believe a piece is made of real gold when it may only be made of a cheap metal plated in gold.^[10][11] However, a gold watch may not be solid gold and still be authentic. Gold plated and gold capped watches are legitimately produced. Golden colored counterfeits use a much thinner gold plate, which over time would begin to rub off.

See also

• Watch
• Replica
• Horology
• Counterfeit
• List of watch manufacturers
• Timepiece
• Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH
• Authentication
• Counterfeit consumer goods

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Faits et chiffres, Swiss Customs Service 2005
2. ^ "Havocscope Counterfeit Watches Market Value: $1 billion". http://www.havocscope.com/counterfeit-watches-market-value/. 
3. ^ Faits et chiffres, Swiss Customs Service 2006 at page 32
4. ^ Importation de bijoux et de montres pour usage en propre, Info Douane, Administration fédérale des douanes, Berne, January 2005, at page 1.
5. ^ See Esercizio v. Roberts, 944 F.2d 1235, 1245 (6th Cir. 1991); Rolex Watch U.S.A., Inc.112 S.Ct. 3020 (1992)cert. denied; Rolex Watch U.S.A., Inc. v. Canner, 645 F. Supp. 484, 492 (S.D. Fla. 1986); Louis Vuitton S.A. v. Lee, 875 F.2d 584 (7th Cir. 1989); Polaroid Corp. v. Polarad Elec. Corp., 287 F.2d 492 (2d. Cir. 1961), cert. denied, 368 U.S. 820.
6. ^ Paul R. Paradise (September 1999). Trademark counterfeiting, product piracy, and the billion dollar threat to the U.S. economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9781567202502. http://books.google.com/books?id=ny0vvUpBzCYC. Retrieved 26 March 2011. 
7. ^ Cost of Piracy, manufacturingtalk.com, 2007-02-06, Retrieved 2007-02-27.
8. ^ Case Studies, Fake Rolex Facts, Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
9. ^ The Rolex Report, 4th ed.
10. ^ Montres, bijouteries, métaux précieux
11. ^ See also, Swiss Hallmarks on Gold Watchcases, NAWCC Bulletin, ISSN 1527-1609 , December 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 686-699 [14 pages].

External links

• [1] Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH Definition of Swiss Made
• [2] Is a fake watch a joke?
• [3] Federal Department of Justice and Police: Counterfeiting and Piracy - A major problem for the Swiss Economy