- Newark rail crash
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Newark rail crash Date and time 21 June 1870 Location Newark Rail line East Coast Main Line Cause broken axle Trains 2 Deaths 18 Injuries 40 List of UK rail accidents by year A disaster on the British rail network (Midland Railway) occurred on 21 June, 1870 when two trains collided at Newark in Nottinghamshire, England, killing 18 passengers and injuring 40 others. The investigation found that an axle had broken on the goods train, and the excursion train collided with the debris on the track.
Contents
Investigation
The crash was examined by Captain Tyler of the Railway Inspectorate, and he was able to pinpoint the disaster in a broken axle on one of the goods wagons of the first train. The engine driver stopped his train when he discovered that several rear wagons had suddenly derailed, one of which blocked the adjacent line. He then saw the second train approaching at speed on the next line, and tried to warn him, but to no avail. The passenger train collided with the wagon across the line, the fatalities occurring in several of the lead carriages.
The broken axle was examined by Tyler, and he found that it had cracked from the edge into the centre in a progressive way. The age and history of the axle were unknown, despite Tyler's own attempts to encourage railway companies to keep records of axles and their mileage.
Axle Fractures
The sudden failure of vehicle axles bedevilled the railways from their very beginning, a notorious example being the terrible Versailles train crash of 1842, when almost 100 passengers were killed. They continued to fail for many years on all railways, causing yet more disastrous accidents. Another derailment had occurred the previous year of 1869, for example, in the Dalton Junction rail crash. Fatigue was the basic cause of the problem, but the hairline cracks characteristic of fatigue are very difficult to detect, and were frequently missed, until they became critical. Some of the first systematic studies of the problem were undertaken by William John Macquorn Rankine, and later by August Wohler, who showed how fatigue cracks are started (at surface defects) and grow with each loading.
References
- Rolt, L.T.C. (1956 (and later editions)). Red for Danger. Bodley Head / David and Charles / Pan Books /Alan Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0750920476 (1999 re-issue).
- Lewis, PR (2007). Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847. Tempus Publishing. ISBN 978 0 7524 4266 2.
External links
Categories:- Railway accidents in England
- Rail transport in Nottinghamshire
- History of Nottinghamshire
- 1870 disasters
- Railway accidents in 1870
- 1870 in England
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