Battle of Angaur

Infobox Military Conflict
partof=World War II, Pacific War
conflict=Battle of Angaur
colour_scheme= background:#ffccaa


caption=
date=17 September – 30 September 1944
place=Angaur, Palau Islands
result=American victory
combatant1=flag|United States|1912
combatant2=nowrap|flag|Empire of Japan
commander1=flagicon|United States|1912 Paul J. Mueller
commander2=flagicon|Empire of Japan Sadae Inoue
strength1=15,000
strength2=1,400
casualties1=260 killed, 1,354 wounded, 940 incapacitated through heat exhaustion, accident, or sickness
casualties2=1,338 killed, 59 captured|

The Battle of Angaur was a battle of the Pacific campaign in World War II, fought on the island of Angaur in the Palau Islands from 17 September 1944 to 30 September 1944.

Background

Angaur is a tiny volcanic island, just convert|3|mi long, separated from Peleliu by a convert|6|mi|adj=on strait. A very small indigenous population lived by farming, fishing, and phosphate mining. In mid-1944 the Japanese had 1,400 troops on the island, under the overall command of Palau Sector Group commander, Lieutenant General Sadae Inoue.

The weak defenses of the Palaus and the potential for airfield construction made them attractive targets for the Americans after the capture of the Marshall Islands, but shortage of landing craft meant that operations against the Palaus could not begin until the Mariana Islands were secure.

Battle

Bombardment of Angaur by USS "Tennessee", cruisers, and Dauntless dive bombers from USS "Wasp" began on 11 September 1944. Six days later on 17 September, the U.S. 81st Infantry Division commanded by Major General Paul J. Mueller landed on the northeast and southeast coasts. Mines and congestion on the beach initially gave more trouble than Japanese counter-attacks. But resistance stiffened as the Americans advanced on "the Bowl", a hill near Lake Salome in the northwest of the island where the Japanese planned to make their last stand. From 20 September the 322nd battalion repeatedly attacked the Bowl, but the 750 defenders repulsed them with artillery, mortars and machine guns. Gradually hunger, thirst, and American shellfire and bombing took their toll on the Japanese, and by 25 September the Americans had penetrated the Bowl. Rather than fight for possession of the caves, they used bulldozers to seal the entrances. By 30 September, the island was secure.

Aftermath

Airfields were being constructed as the battle was still being fought. But the delay in the start of the Palaus operation meant that the airfields were not ready in time for the start of the Philippines operations in October 1944. Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr. had argued before the invasion of the Palaus that the operation was unnecessary, and military historians have agreed with him, suggesting that the main benefit was the combat experience gained by the 81st Infantry Division.

The 81st Division moved on directly to the battle on Peleliu Island to aid the 1st Marine Division, which had encountered extremely stiff resistance in the central highland of that island.

References

*cite book
last = Morison
first = Samuel Eliot
authorlink = Samuel Eliot Morison
coauthors =
year = 1958
chapter =
title = Leyte: June 1944 - Jan 1945, "vol. 12 of "History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
publisher = Little, Brown and Company
location =
id = ISBN 0316583170
* [http://www.army.mil/cmh/brochures/westpac/westpac.htm U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II: Western Pacific]