Becontree (hundred)

infobox historic subdivision
Name= Becontree
HQ= Becontree Heath
Status= hundred
Start= in antiquity
End= 1894
Replace= various, see text


PopulationFirst= 46,777
PopulationFirstYear= 1851
PopulationLast= 221,217
PopulationLastYear= 1887
AreaFirst= convert|35950|acre|km2
AreaFirstYear= 1831
AreaLast= convert|37705|acre|km2
AreaLastYear= 1887

Becontree was an ancient hundred in the south west of the county of Essex, England.John Marius Wilson, "Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales", (1870-72)] Its area has been entirely absorbed by the growth of London; with its name reused in 1921 for the large Becontree estate of the London County Council.Mills, A., "Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names", (2001)] Its former area now corresponds to the London Borough of Newham, the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and parts of the London Borough of Waltham Forest and the London Borough of Redbridge. Its early extent also included parts of what is now the London Borough of Havering." [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42721 The hundred of Becontree: Introduction', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5 (1966)] . Date accessed: 11 January 2008.]

History

The name is first recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as "Beuentreu", meaning "tree of a man called Beohha". The original tree, at Becontree Heath, was the location that early hundred meetings took place. Before 1465 it included the area of Havering liberty, which comprised the parishes of Hornchurch, Romford and Havering-atte-Bower, and thus the hundred meeting place was not originally located on the fringe of the area. After the area of the liberty was removed, the hundred contained the parishes of Barking, Dagenham, East Ham, Ilford (also known as Great Ilford), Leyton, Little Ilford, Walthamstow, Wanstead and West Ham. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/image.aspx?compid=42740&filename=fig1.gifBritish History Online] - Map of Becontree Hundred, (1973)]

The southern boundary with the Blackheath hundred of Kent was the River Thames, however there was also a land boundary; the Woolwich parish included two small detached parts north of the river, totalling convert|402|acre|km2. [ [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=42740#s3 British History Online] - The Origin of North Woolwich, (1973)] In the east it borded the Havering liberty and to the north Waltham and Ongar hundreds. The River Lee formed the western boundary with the Tower division of the Ossulstone hundred of Middlesex. The River Roding runs roughly north to south through the area.

In 1831, the hundred occupied convert|35950|acre|km2. [ [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_A&u_id=10024109&c_id=10001043&add=Y Vision of Britain] - Becontree hundred - area ( [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10024109&c_id=10001043 historic map] )] In 1840 the hundred was included in the Metropolitan Police District by the Metropolitan Police Act 1839. The population of the hundred in 1851 was 46,777 and in 1861, 73,023. In 1887 the area is recorded as convert|37705|acre|km2 and the population as 221,217. [John Bartholomew, "Gazetteer of the British Isles", (1887)]

Replacement

The hundreds of England declined in administrative use because of the rise of various "ad-hoc" boards. By 1894 they were effectively replaced by a system of uniform local government districts, which were consolidated over time and finally replaced in 1965 by the London boroughs which are still in use today.

References