School of Mathematics, University of Manchester

The School of Mathematics at the University of Manchester is one of the largestCertainly the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cambridge is larger. Exact figures for Cambridge are hard to come by as the faculty is divided in to DPMMS and DAMTP (which includes some physicists). In the 2001 RAE Cambridge returned 60 applied mathematicians and 38 pure mathematicians as lecturers and professors. In any measure Cambridge is bigger. Oxfords 2001 RAE return [http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/submissions/index.htm] lists 43 pure, 32 applied and also 12 statisticians making it slightly larger then and the size may have increased. Probably the next biggest after Manchester is Leeds with about 70 academic staff over pure, applied and statistics.] mathematics departments in the United Kingdom, with around 80 academic staff and an undergraduate intake of roughly 400 a year (including students studying mathematics with a minor in another subject) [League Tables of UK Mathematics Departments, [http://www.maths.manchester.ac.uk/~bl/maths_league/uk-maths-league-tables.html] gives more details of size.] and another 200 postgraduate students. The school was formed in 2004 by the merger of the mathematics departments of University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and the Victoria University of Manchester (VUM). In July 2007 the school moved into a purpose-designed building – the first three floors of the Alan Turing Building – on Upper Brook Street.

Organization

The current head of the school is Peter Duck. The school is divided, mainly for the purposes of teaching administration, into three groups: "Pure Mathematics" headed by Mike Prest, "Applied Mathematics" headed by David Silvester, and "Probability and Statistics" headed by Goran Peskir. The Manchester Institute for Mathematical Sciences (MIMS) is a unit of the school focusing on the organising of mathematical colloquia and conferences, and research visitors. MIMS is headed by Nick Higham FRS, who is also Director of Research. Other high profile mathematicians at Manchester include Martin Taylor FRS and Jeff Paris (Fellow of the British Academy)

Since its formation, the school has made some influential appointments including the topologist Viktor Buchstaber (a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and model theorist Alex Wilkie FRS. Numerical analyst Jack Dongarra, famous as one of the authors of LINPACK, was appointed in 2007 as Turing Fellow. In the autumn of 2007 another corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Albert Shiryaev was appointed to a 20% chair. Shiryaev is famous for his work on probability theory (he was a student of Kolmogorov) and for his work on financial mathematics.

As might be expected from its size, the school has a wide range of research interests, including the traditionally pure areas of Algebra, Analysis and Noncommutative geometry, Ergodic theory Mathematical logic and Dynamical systems,
Number theory, Geometry and Topology; and the more applied Fluid dynamics, Solid mechanics, Inverse problems, Mathematical finance, Wave propagation and Scattering. The school also has a strong tradition in Numerical analysis and well established groups in Probability theory, and Mathematical statistics.

Manchester mathematicians have a long tradition of applying mathematics to industrial problems. Nowadays this involves not only the traditional applications in engineering and the physical sciences, but also in the life sciences and the financial sector. Some of the recent industrial partners include Qinetiq, Hewlett Packard, NAg, the MathWorks, Comsol, Philips Labs, Rapiscan Systems and Schlumberger.

History

At the time of merger the two departments that came together to form the school were of roughly equal sizes and academic strengths, and already had a substantial record of collaboration including shared research seminar programmes and fourth year undergraduate and MSc programmes.

Many famous mathematicians have worked at the precursor departments to the school.

In 1885 Horace Lamb, famous for his contribution to fluid dynamics accepted a chair at the VUM and under his leadership the department grew rapidly. Newman wrote:

:'His lecture courses were numerous, and his books provide a record of his methods. Many of his students were engineers, and they found in him a sympathetic guide, one who understood their difficulties and shared their interest in applications of mathematics to mechanics.'

In 1907 famous analyst and number theorist J.E. Littlewood was appointed to the Richardson Lectureship which he held for three years.

During 1912-1913 the pioneer of weather forecasting and numerical analysis Lewis Fry Richardson worked at Manchester College of Science and Technology (later to become UMIST). Number theorist Louis Mordell joined the College in 1920. During this time he discovered the result for which he is best known, namely the finite basis theorem (or Mordell–Weil theorem), which proved a conjecture of Henri Poincaré. Mordell then went on to become Fielden Reader in Pure Mathematics at VUM in 1922 and then held the Fielden Chair in 1923. Mordell built up the department, offering posts to a number of outstanding mathematicians who had been forced from posts on the continent of Europe. He brought in Reinhold Baer, G. Billing, Paul Erdős, Chao Ko, Kurt Mahler, and Beniamino Segre. He also recruited J. A. Todd, Patrick du Val, Harold Davenport, L. C. Young, and invited distinguished visitors.

Although Manchester was later to be known as the birthplace of the electronic computer, Douglas Hartree made an earlier contribution building a differential analyser in 1933. The machine was used for ballistics calculations as well calculating railway timetables.

Mordell was succeeded by the famous topologist and cryptanalyst Max Newman in 1945 who, as head of department, transformed it into a centre of international renown. Undergraduate numbers increased from eight per year to 40 and then 60. In 1948 Newman recruited Alan Turing as Reader in the department, and he worked there until his death in 1954, completing some of his profound work on the foundations of computer science including "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Newnam retired in 1964. From 1949-1960 M.S. Bartlett held the first chair in mathematical statistics at VUM, he is known for his contribution to the analysis of data with spatial and temporal patterns, the theory of statistical inference and in multivariate analysis. At Manchester he developed an interest in epidemiology, building a strong group in mathematical statistics and strengthening the department.

Fluid dynamicist Sydney Goldstein held the Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics from 1945 to 1950, and was succeeded from 1950 to 1959 by James Lighthill, also a fluid dynamicist. In pure mathematics, Bernhard Neumann, an influential group theorist, joined the department at VUM in 1948, leaving as a Reader in 1961 to take a chair in Australia. In 1964, VUM's Mathematics Tower, an 18 storey skyscraper on Oxford Road, was completed.

Up until the 1950s, UMIST's Mathematics Department taught largely service courses for the engineering and applied science courses, and despite stars such as Richardson, Mordell and in 1958-1963 group theorist Hanna Neumann, did not have a strong focus on research. Neumannn was later to be the first woman appointed to a Professorial Chair of Mathematics in Australia.

With the rapid expansion of higher education and the starting of an undergraduate mathematics degree this changed, and by 1968 the 15 storey Maths and Social Sciences Building (MSS) was completed on UMIST campus to house the growing department. In 1960 Robin Bullough joined the UMIST department initiating four decades of mathematical physics focusing especially on solitons. The statistics group also grew in strength with an emphasis on time series, led by Maurice Priestley and also Tata Subba Rao. In 1976 pure mathematics at UMIST was strengthened by the appointment of Martin Taylor FRS, famous for his work on properties and structures of algebraic numbers.

Another renowned topologist, Frank Adams, succeeded Newman in the Fielden Chair, which he held from 1964 to 1970.

The VUM Mathematics tower was demolished in 2005, with most of the staff moving to temporary buildings, the pure mathematicians to one named after Newman and the applied to one named after Lamb. The history of the School entered a new phase in July 2007 with the move to the Alan Turing Building

ee also

*Mathematics section in People Associated with the University of Manchester
*Richardson Chair of Applied Mathematics
*Fielden Chair of Pure Mathematics
*Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics

Notes

External links

* [http://www.maths.manchester.ac.uk School of Mathematics home page.]
* [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=657 VUM Mathematics Tower on syskcrapernews.com]
* [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=973 MSS building syskcrapernews.com]