François de Joyeuse

François de Joyeuse (24 June 1562–23 August 1615) was a French churchman and politician.

Born at Carcassonne, François de Joyeuse was the second son of Guillaume de Joyeuse [Guillaume de Joyeuse (1520-1592), vicomte de Joyeuse, seigneur de Saint Didier, de Laudun, de Puyvert et d’Arques, maréchal de France.] and Marie Eléanor de Batarnay. As the younger son of a "seigneur" in an intensely religious family of bishops and soldiers, he was destined for a career in the church. He studied in Toulouse, then at the Collège de Navarre, Paris, and received his doctorate degrees in canon and civil law at the University of Orléans. Thanks to the influence of his elder brother Anne de Joyeuse, a favourite of King Henry III of France who created him duke and peer in 1581 ["Encyclopaedia Britannica" 1911, under "Joyeuse".] , he became a privy councillor to the King and rose rapidly in the church, being made Archbishop of Narbonne, with a papal dispensation for not having reached canonical age, 20 October 1581, a cardinal on 23 January 1584 still aged only 22, then Archbishop of Toulouse the same year. He was a chevalier of the Order of Saint-Esprit.

His brothers Anne and Claude were captured in 1587 after the Battle of Coutras and killed in the general massacre that followed. As a result, François became Duke of Joyeuse. In 1590 the title of Duke of Joyeuse was passed to another of his younger brothers, Scipion, who drowned himself in the Tarn after the defeat of Villemur ["Catholic Encyclopedia" under "Henri, Duc de Joyeuse"] in 1592, then to Henri de Joyeuse, the youngest brother, who died in 1608. The title passed to Henri's daughter Henriette, who had married Henri de Montpensier in 1597.

In 1587 he was appointed by Henry III as minister to the Holy See, cardinal protector of France; he retained his predecessor's secretary, Arnaud d'Ossat. Joyeuse returned to France after King Henry's murder in 1589 and joined the Catholic League. However, he broke with the League in 1593 to support Henry of Navarre (King Henry IV of France), and obtained papal absolution for Henry from Pope Clement VIII in 1595. In 1599 he negotiated the annulment of King Henry's marriage to Marguerite de Valois, opening the way for a second marriage to Marie de' Medici.

François became Archbishop of Rouen in 1604. After the murder of Henry IV in 1610 he lost influence at the court of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. He died at Avignon, aged 53, while travelling to Rome.

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External links

* [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1583.htm Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: François de Joyeuse]