John Kitto

John Kitto (1804 - 1854), English biblical scholar of Cornish descent.

Biography

Born in Plymouth, John Kitto was a sickly child, son of a Cornish stonemason. The drunkenness of his father and the poverty of his family meant that much of his childhood was spent in the workhouse. He had no more than three years of erratic and interrupted education. At the age of twelve John Kitto fell on his head from a rooftop, and became totally and permanently deaf. As a young man he suffered further tragedies, disappointments and much loneliness. His height was 4 ft 8 in, and his accident left him with an impaired sense of balance. He found consolation in browsing at bookstalls and reading any books that came his way.

From these hardships he was rescued by friends who became aware of his mental abilities and encouraged him to write topical articles for local newspapers, arranging eventually for him to work as an assistant in a local library. Here he continued to educate himself.

One of his benefactors was the Exeter dentist Anthony Norris Groves, who in 1824 offered him employment as a dental assistant. Living with the Groves family, Kitto was profoundly influenced by the practical Christian faith of his employer. In 1829 he accompanied Groves on his pioneering mission to Baghdad and served as tutor to Groves's two sons. In 1833 Kitto returned to England via Constantinople, accompanied by another member of the Groves mission, Francis William Newman. Shortly afterwards he married, and in due course had several children.

A London publisher asked Kitto to write up his travel journals for a series of articles in the "Penny Magazine", a publication read at that time by a million people in Britain, reprinted in America and translated into French, German and Dutch. Other writing projects followed as readers enquired about his experiences in the East amidst people living in circumstances closely resembling those of Bible times.

Kitto had been a careful observer of physical detail – the topography, the animals, architecture, agricultural methods, the manner of interaction between people. His retelling of Bible stories in the light of what he had seen brought the narratives to life and confirmed the accuracy of the ancient texts. He showed how the activities described by the prophets and apostles accorded with the realities of Eastern culture. He supplemented his own observations with details from the journals of other travellers, and helped the Bible reader to understand many things previously obscure or contradictory to the Western mind. His careful research into the geography, biology and archaeology of Bible lands served to support and encourage confidence in the accuracy of the Bible.

In his generation Dr Kitto was a most significant contributor to Christian scholarship, and he provided much help for Evangelicals defending the Bible against the attack of liberal critics. He eventually wrote a total of twenty-three books, of which Charles Spurgeon considered the "Daily Bible Illustrations" to be "more interesting than any novel that was ever written, and as instructive as the heaviest theology."

Inevitably, Kitto's encyclopedic works have been superseded by the researches of later generations of scholars. Yet his "Pictorial Bible" and "Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature" held, for almost a century, a unique and valued place on the academic library shelf, and his "Daily Bible Illustrations" encouraged the faith of readers of all ages and backgrounds, and stimulated the imagination of many a Sunday school teacher.

In 1844 the University of Giessen conferred upon him the degree of D.D. In 1850 he received a pension for life from the Government. He died on November 25, 1854 at Cannstatt in Germany.

John Kitto summed up his life with the following words: :"I perhaps have as much right as any man that lives, to bear witness that there is no one so low but that he may rise, no condition so cast down as to be really hopeless, and no privation which need, of itself, shut out any man from the paths of honourable exertion or from the hope of usefulness in life. I have sometimes thought that it was possibly my mission to affirm and establish these great truths."

In 1989 Burrington Secondary Modern School in Plymouth was renamed John Kitto Comprehensive School in his honour. It is now the John Kitto Community College [http://www.jkcc.org.uk/] .

elected works

* "Uncle Oliver's travels in Persia" (1838)
* "Pictorial History of Palestine" (1839-40)
* "The Gallery of Scripture Engravings" (1843)
* "The history of Palestine from the patriarchal age to the present time" (1843)
* "A Cyclopaedia of Biblical literature" (1845)
* "Ancient Jerusalem" (1846)
* "Modern Jerusalem" (1847)
* "The Olive, Vine and Palm" (1848)
* "The Court and People of Persia" (1848)
* "The Tabernacle and its Furniture" (1849)
* "The Bible history of the Holy Land" (1850) [http://www.files.maproom.org/00/25/index.php maps]
* "Domestic Arrangements of the Orientals" (1853)
* "The Pictorial Bible" – "being the Old and New Testaments according to authorized versions. Illustrated with Steel Engravings and Woodcuts representing landscape scenes, and subjects of natural history, costume and antiquities with Original Notes by John Kitto, D.D., F.S.A." – New edition, with additional notes, based on discoveries of recent travellers (4 volume set); London: W & R Chambers (1866)

References

* Dann, Robert Bernard, "Father of Faith Missions: The Life and Times of Anthony Norris Groves" (Authentic Media, 2004) ISBN 1884543901
* Boase, George Clement, "Devonshire Bibliography", a bibliographical list of the writings of Dr. John Kitto, London 1883.
* Eadie, John, "Life of John Kitto, DD, FSA" (Edinburgh, Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1886)
* Ryland, J E, "Memoirs of John Kitto, DD, FSA" (Edinburgh, Oliphant, 1856)
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