Semantic desktop

In computer science, the Semantic Desktop is a collective term for ideas related to changing a computer's user interface and data handling capabilities so that data is more easily shared between different applications or tasks and so that data that once could not be automatically processed by a computer could be. It also encompasses some ideas about being able to automatically share information between different people. This concept is very much related to the Semantic Web but is distinct insofar its main concern is the personal use of information.

General description

The vision of the semantic desktop can be considered as a response to the perceived problems of existing user interfaces. Firstly computers cannot get a great deal of information about the content of files. For example suppose one downloads a document by a particular author on a particular subject - though the document will likely clearly indicate its subject, author, source and possibly copyright information there is no way for the computer to obtain this information or process it. This means the computer cannot search, filter or otherwise act upon the information as effectively as it otherwise could. This is very much the problem that the Semantic Web is concerned with.

Secondly there is the problem that information stored on a computer can only be accessed or sorted in a way related to its format. For example e-mails are stored separately to files, and both have nothing to do with tasks, notes and planned activities that may be stored in a calendar program, whilst contacts might be stored in another program, however all these forms of information might simultaneously be relevant and necessary for a particular task. Further even if data is all stored as part of the file system it is often accessed with different applications, even very similar formats may need to be accessed with different programs - for example a PDF, PostScript, Microsoft Word and ASCII files are all opened in different programs despite being essentially the same.

Related to this a user will often access a lot of data for the Internet which is segregated from the data stored locally on the computer, being accessed through a browser or other programs. As well as accessed data a user has to share data, often through e-mail or separate file transfer programs.

The semantic desktop is an attempt to solve some or all of these problem by extending the operating system's capabilities to be able to handle all data using Semantic Web technologies. Based on this data integration, improved user interfaces (or plugins to existing applications) can give the user an integrated view on stored knowledge.

A definition of Semantic Desktop was given (Sauermann et al 2005):

A Semantic Desktop is a device in which an individual stores all her digital information like documents, multimedia and messages. These are interpreted as Semantic Web resources, each is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and all data is accessible and queryable as RDF graph. Resources from the web can be stored and authored content can be shared with others. Ontologies allow the user to express personal mental models and form the semantic glue interconnecting information and systems. Applications respect this and store, read and communicate via ontologies and Semantic Web protocols. The Semantic Desktop is an enlarged supplement to the user’s memory.

Different interpretations of the semantic desktop

There are various interpretations of the semantic desktop. At its most limited it might be interpreted as adding mechanisms for relating machine readable metadata to files. In a more extreme way it could be viewed as a complete replacement to existing user interfaces, which unifies all forms of data and provides a consistent single interface. There are many degrees between these two depending on which of the above problems are being dealt with.

Relationship with the Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is mainly concerned with making machine readable metadata to enable computers to process shared information, and the creation of formats and standards related to this. As such the aims of allowing more of a user's data to be processed by a computer and allowing data to more easily be shared could be considered as a subset of those of the semantic web, but extended to a user's local computer, rather than just files stored on the internet.

However the aims of creating a unified interface and allowing data to be accessed in a format independent way are not really the concerns of the Semantic Web.

In practice most projects related to the semantic desktop make use of Semantic Web protocols for storing their data. In particular RDF's concepts are used, and the format itself is used.

References

* Stefan Decker, Martin Frank: [http://www.deri.ie/fileadmin/documents/DERI-TR-2004-05-02.pdf The Social Semantic Desktop] . DERI Technology Report, 2004. Also: The Networked Semantic Desktop. WWW Workshop on Application Design, Development and Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web 2004.
* Leo Sauermann, Ansgar Bernardi, Andreas Dengel: [http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/Sauermann+2005d.pdf Overview and Outlook on the Semantic Desktop] . In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on The Semantic Desktop at the ISWC 2005 Conference.

ee also

*Semantic Web
*Dublin Core, a set of general terms for annotating resources with metadata
*Personal Information Manager
*Knowledge Management
*Desktop search
*Concept maps
*Mind maps
*NEPOMUK, a specification for a social semantic desktop framework
*Haystack, an information client developed at the MIT
*Chandler, a personal information manager
*WinFS, a data storage and management system based on relational databases, developed by Microsoft

External links

* [http://www.semanticdesktop.org SemanticDesktop.org]

Open Source Implementations

* [http://www.gnowsis.org Gnowsis] , a reference implementation of NEPOMUK
* [http://www.deepamehta.de/ Deepamehta] , a software platform for knowledge management
* [http://www.tracker-project.org Tracker] , a metadata database and file search
* [http://www.openiris.org/ Iris] , a semantic desktop application framework