Virtual community of practice

To some a virtual community of practice is a misnomer as the original concept of a community of practice (CoP) was based around situated learning in a co-located setting. However, with increasing globalization and the continued growth of the Internet many now claim that virtual CoPs do exist (e.g. Murillo, 2006; Hara and Hew, 2007). For example, some [ [http://www.chris-kimble.com/CLEE/Book_2/Chapters/Chapter_16.html The Adult Literacy Education Wiki as a Virtual Community of Practice] E. Jacobson "in" C. Kimble and P. Hildreth (eds). Communities of Practice: Creating Learning Environments for Educators. Charlotte NC, Information Age Publishing (2008)] claim that a wiki (such as wikipedia.org) is a virtual CoP.

There is also debate on the very term VCoP since the community is real though the form of communication is mostly, if not entirely, via CMC. Few believe that a community of practice may be formed without any face to face meetings whatsoever. In fact many leading CoP thinkers stress the importance of such meetings. However some researchers argue that a VCoP's high use of ICT, changes some of its characteristics and introduces new complexities and ambiguities, thus justifying the creation of the term and area of study (Kim, 2004; Zarb, 2006).

Some of the other terms used have been (in chronological order) on-line (Cothrel & Williams, 1999), computer-mediated (Etzioni & Etzioni, 1999), electronic (Wasko & Faraj, 2000) and distributed (Hildreth, Kimble and Wright, 1998 [ [http://www.chris-kimble.com/Publications/Documents/Hildreth_1998.pdf Computer Mediated Communications and Communities of Practice.] Hildreth, Kimble and Wright, Proceedings of Ethicomp’98, (March 1998), Rotterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 275 - 286, (1998)] ; Wenger et al., 2002; Kimble & Hildreth, 2005 [ [http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673270510610369 Dualities, Distributed Communities of Practice and Knowledge Management] Kimble & Hildreth, Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(4), 102 - 113. (2005)] ). As the mode of communication can involve face-to-face, telephone and letter, and the defining feature is its distributed nature. For a comparison between Virtual Learning Communities (VLCs) with Distributed Communities of Practice (DCoP), see Couros & Kesten (2003).

Recent research has produced evidence that increases in the sharing of Tacit knowledge, which is very much inherent within CoP theory, may take place, albeit to a lesser degree, in a VCoP scenario even though such systems make use of written word (Zarb, 2006). This is spurring interest in what is sometimes referred to as Community-driven knowledge management or Community Based Knowledge Management, where CoP and VCoP theory is harnessed, nourished and supported within the broader organisational setting.

ee also

* Community of practice
* Network of practice
* Virtual community
* Virtual Ethnography
* Virtual team
* Community-driven knowledge management

External links

* [http://www.chris-kimble.com/Publications/Documents/Kimble_2004.pdf Communities of Practice: Going One Step Too Far?] A critical review of virtual CoPs
* [http://www-staff.it.uts.edu.au/~lueg/papers/commdcscw00.pdf Where is the Action in Virtual Communities of Practice?] Another critical review of virtual CoPs
* [http://www.chris-kimble.com/Publications/Documents/Kimble_2001b.pdf Communities of Practice: Going Virtual]
* [http://www.ub.es/5ead/PDF/13/Pemberton3.pdf Distributed Design Teams as Communities of Practice]
* [http://www.teluq.uquebec.ca/chaireecosavoir/pdf/NRC04-01A.pdf Virtual Communities of Practice: Differentiated Consequences for Individuals in Two Organisational Contexts]
* [http://www.hhs.se/NR/rdonlyres/4165BDC8-C42C-43CF-8EEF-57DCEB0939BC/0/TeiglandthesisKnowledgeNetworking.pdf Knowledge Networking: Structure and Performance in Networks of Practice]
* [http://www.mzarb.com/Modelling_Participation_in_Virtual_Communities-of-Practice.pdf Modelling Participation in Virtual Communities of Practice]
* [http://distributedresearch.net/wiki DARnet wiki - Action Research with Distributed Communities of Practice]
* [http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~kimble/research/EthiComp98.pdf Computer mediated communications and international communities of practice]

References

Cothrel, J., & Williams, R.L. (1999). On-line communities: helping them form and grow. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3(1), 54-60.

Etzioni, A., & Etzioni, O. (1999). Face-to-face and computer-mediated communities, A comparative analysis. The Information Society, 15, 241-248.

Hara, N. and Hew, K. H. (2007) Knowledge-sharing in an online community of health-care professionals. Information Technology & People, 20(3): 235-261.

Kim, A.J. (2004). “Emergent Purpose.” Musings of a Social Architect. January 24, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2006

Murillo, E. (2006) Searching for virtual communities of practice in the Usenet discussion network: combining quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the constructs of Wenger's theory. PhD thesis. University of Bradford. Available at murillo.wikidot.com

Wasko, M.M., & Faraj, S. (2000). “It is what one does”: why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9, 155-173.

Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W.M. (2002). Cultivating Communities of Practice. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Zarb, M.P (2006). "Modelling Participation in Virtual Communities-of-Practice". LSE MSc ADMIS Dissertation: Distinction, Accessed from www.mzarb.com.