Gatehead, East Ayrshire

Infobox UK place
official_name= Gatehead
gaelic_name=
scots_name=
local_name=
country= Scotland
map_type= Scotland
population=
population_density=
os_grid_reference= NS393364
edinburgh_distance=
london_distance=
latitude= 55.5955
longitude= -04.5486
post_town= KILMARNOCK
postcode_area= KA
postcode_district= KA2
dial_code= 01563
constituency_westminster= Kilmarnock and Loudoun
civil_parish= Kilmaurs
unitary_scotland= East Ayrshire
lieutenancy_scotland= Ayrshire and Arran
constituency_scottish_parliament= Kilmarnock and Loudoun
constituency_scottish_parliament1= Central ScotlandThe village or hamlet of Gatehead is located in East Ayrshire, Parish of Kilmaurs, Scotland. It is one and a quarter miles from Crosshouse and one and a half miles from Kilmarnock. In the 18th and 19th centuries the locality was a busy coal mining district. The settlement is on the banks of the River Irvine.

Introduction

Gatehead, an old colliers village,Groome, Francis H. (1903). "Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland." Pub. Caxton. London. P. 643. lies at or near the junction of several roads, namely the main road to Kilmarnock, Dundonald & Troon , a road to Symington or Kilmarnock via Earlston, another to Springside, East Ayrshire or Crosshouse via Craig and yet another to Crosshouse, branching off the main Kilmarnock road. The settlement no doubt developed to cater for travellers on these roads and from the railway which was used also by carts and pedestrians as a 'toll' road or tramway prior to 1846. The local shop and post office next to the old station closed within the last ten years (1985 OS). The river forms the boundary with South Ayrshire, previously 'Kyle and Carrick', Parish of Dundonald.

History

Gatehead is most likely to have been named after the Turnpike road and the toll bar or gate. A 'Gatehead Toll Bar' is still marked nearby on the to Laigh Milton mill and the Craig House estate as late as 1860 on the Ordnance Survey (OS) map of that year. 'Gatehead' is apparently first recorded marked on General Roy's Military Survey map of Scotland (1745 -55) and then by Armstrong's 1775 map.Armstrong and Son. Engraved by S.Pyle (1775). A New Map of Ayr Shire comprehending Kyle, Cunningham and Carrick.] The RCAHMS website records the site of a Toll house at NS 3898 3670. [http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore/ RCAHMS Canmore] ] Archibald Adamson records a walk through Gatehead in 1875.Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. Kilmarnock. Pps. 93 - 94.] He mentions a neat lodge house at Fairlie, then owned by a Captain Tait and records that the Irvine bridge has recently replaced an older one. The Old Rome miners cottages are in ruins following the local coal pits being worked out and the distillery ruins are still apparent. He goes on to say that Gatehead was established around fifty years back, i.e. circa 1825, and has neither kirk, smithy, mill or market, but it does have a station.

Laigh Milton viaduct over the River Irvine stands nearby. This is the oldest railway viaduct in Scotland, [cite web|url=http://www.east-ayrshire.gov.uk/comser/tourism/transport.asp|title=The Official Site of Scotland's National Tourist Board|accessdate=2007-03-21] and one of the oldest in the world. [ cite web|url=http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,SIG49645Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html|title=The Official Site of Scotland's National Tourist Board|accessdate=2007-03-21]

The Cochrane Inn is likely to have originally been a coaching inn, serving the stagecoach route from Kilmarnock to Troon and Ayr. A milestone near the Crosshouse junction on the main road in 1860 gave Troon as 7 miles and Dundonald as 2 1/4 miles and another near the junction for Laigh Milton Mill gave Ayr as 10 miles and Kilmarnock as 2 1/4 miles.

A hamlet called 'Milton' is marked on the 1821 and 1828 maps,Ainslie, John (1821). A Map of the Southern Part of Scotland.] Thomson, John (1828). A Map of the Northern Part of Ayrshire.] but the name is not marked on the 1860 and the more recent OS maps. Laigh Milton mill still stands, but is now in a ruinous condition (2007). A laithe or saw mill existed across the river from Craig House, which had its own mill and a ford, together with another mill near Drybridge at 'Girtrig' or previously 'Greatrig'.Old Rome coal pit, just across the river is mentioned in the novel 'A tree in the West' by Anna Blair, and relates an incident where a young boy is so terrified of being sent down to work in the mine that he runs away instead. A 'Romford', 'Rameford', 'Room' or 'Rome Ford' was situated where the modern road bridge crossing the River Irvine is located. In Scots 'Rommle' is to rumble or stir violently,Warrack, Alexander (1982)."Chambers Scots Dictionary". Chambers. ISBN 0-550-11801-2.] a more likely explanation than some memory of the Roman occupation of Scotland. Another suggestion is that 'Room' or 'Rome' in Scots meant a small farm.Warrack, Alexander (1982)."Chambers Scots Dictionary". Chambers. ISBN 0-550-11801-2.] [http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/AllanJeanneeBrownorBroun.49.shtml/ 'Room' or 'Rome'] ] Both ThomsonThomson, John (1828). A Map of the Northern Part of Ayrshire.] and AinslieAinslie, John (1821). A Map of the Southern Part of Scotland.] show the railway apparently branching and crossing the Irvine by means of a bridge near to the ford and this branch or mineral line halting near Fairlie House on Thomson's map and carrying on towards Symington on Ainslie's map. This branch may never have been built, shown due to its planned, but not executed, construction.

The railway level crossing has been hereAinslie, John (1821). A Map of the Southern Part of Scotland.] since the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway opened in 1811,Awdry, Christopher, (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. London: Guild Publishing.] but as stated, the name 'Gatehead' predates the railway. A stable was located hereabouts and the horses pulling the wagons were changed here.Mackintosh, Ian M. (1969), "Old Troon and District." Pub. George Outram, Kilmarnock. P. 43.] Gatehead railway station closed in 1967, having opened with the rest of the line on 6 July 1812. The 1860 OS map shows a milepost indicating Kilmarnock at 2 3/4 miles and Troon at 7 1/4 miles.

A distillery once existed near Old Rome,Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. Kilmarnock. Pps. 93 - 94.] although no signs of its existence are now visible.

A smithy existed, as marked on the 1880s OS. It was on the left-hand side, just across the bridge from Old Rome.

Estates

Gatehead was surrounded by several country estates which provided employment and helped create the need for the establishment of settlements such as Gatehead. The Craig estate of the Dunlops and more recently the Pollok-Morris's, lying within the ancient Barony of Robertoun, lay just beyond Laigh Milton Mill and the Fairlie estate is just across the River Irvine. Capringtoun, a Cunninghame clan estate is nearby and Thorntoun and Carmel Bank (previously known as Mote or Moit in 1604),*Pont, Timothy (1604). "Cuninghamia." Pub. Blaeu in 1654.] previously another Cuninghame property lie near Springside. Craig House was at one point sold to Glasgow Corporation as a 'respite home' for mainly Glaswegian children,Strawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire. Pub. P. 475] it became a ruin after the 'school' closed, however it has since been fully restored and converted into flats. Fairlie was locally termed "Fairlie o' the five lums" according to Adamson in 1875,Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. Kilmarnock. P.93.] on account of the five large chimneys in a row along the roof ridge of the mansion.Millar, A. H. (1885). The Castles & Mansions of Ayrshire. Reprinted The Grimsay Press. ISBN 1-84530-019-x. P. 78] Fairlie had been known as 'Little Dreghorn', until William Fairlie of Bruntsfield gave it his family name in around 1704.Paterson, James (1863-66). History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton. V.II. - Part II - Kyle. J. Stillie. Edinburgh.P. 477.] Robert Gordon's manuscript map of ca. 1636 - 52 indicates a small mansion at 'Little Drogarn',Gordon, Robert (1636 - 52). Cuningham. Manuscript map held by the NLS.] and it has been suggested by McNaught that the woodland here was locally known as 'Old Rome Forest' at this time.*McNaught, Duncan (1912). "Kilmaurs Parish and Burgh." Pub. A.Gardner.] The 'Laird of Fairlie' also owned Arrothill. Sir William Cunnighame of Fairlie and Robertland is recorded by George Robertson in 1823 as living "in a shewy modern mansion",Robertson, George (1823). A Genealogical Account of the Principal Families in Ayrshire. Pub. A.Constable, Irvine. P. 330] i.e. Fairlie.

The Barony of Robertoun

This barony, once part of the Barony of Kilmaurs, ran from Kilmaurs south to the river Irvine. It had no manor house and belonged to the Eglinton family latterly. The following properties were part of the barony: Gatehead, parts of Kilmaurs, Craig, Woodhills, Greenhill, Altonhill, Plann, Hayside, Thorntoun, Rash-hill Park, Milton, Windyedge, Fardelhill, Muirfields, Corsehouse and Knockentiber and Busbie.

Robert Burns

Robert Burns' father worked on the Fairlie Estate as a gardener for a time. [http://www.s-a-m-s.org/patriot/features/1stQtr2007/pvtburns.html/ Private Burns] ] Old Rome Forest or Old Room Foord was a house where Jean Brown, an aunt of Burns on his mother's side, lived with her husband, James Allan. When Burns had to go into hiding as a result of James Armour's warrant for his arrest, the poet stayed at his aunt's house. Nothing remains of Old Rome Forest, but according to Duncan M'Naught, the Kilmaurs schoolmaster and local historian, (in an article in the Burns Chronicle, 1893) the house was on the Fairlie estate. [http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/ Old Rome Forest] ] McNaught states that Fairlie House was called 'Old Rome Forest' in his day. In "Poor Maillie's Elergy" Burns introduced the "famous breed" of Fairlie lambs.McNaught, Duncan (1912). "Kilmaurs Parish and Burgh." Pub. A.Gardner. pps. 33 & 34.]

Collieries and Coal Pits

A branch of rail way (sic) ran in from the Kilmarnock and Troon 'main line' near Gateside to coal works belonging to Sir William Cuninghame of Robertland Bart. The length of the branch was four furlongs and one hundred and seven yards nearly. The line crossed the river downstream of the Romeford bridge.Mackintosh, Ian M. (1969), "Old Troon and District." Pub. George Outram, Kilmarnock. Map facing p. 48.]

On the 1923 OS mineral lines still run to collieries near Earlston, Nether Craig and Cockhill farm (Fairlie (Pit No.3)). Earlston has a sawmill marked as well. The 1860 OS names the 'Fairlie Branch' and indicates its operation by the Glasgow and South Western Railway company. The bridges built for these lines are still clearly visible. The 1895 OS shows a colliery at Templeton near Earlston and another mineral line running up to a colliery at Bogside near Ellerslie in Kilmarnock. A coal pit is marked at Old Rome in 1860, with miners rows and a school. The school building survives as a private house, being the last building (2007) on the left before the junction for Symington. Another coalpit was located near a smithy opposite Peatland House. John Finnie of 'Kilmarnock fame' enlarged Peatland House for his sisters.

Farms

West and East Gatehead Farms are close by, New Bogside is on the direct Crosshouse road, whilst Arrathill (1860 OS) or Arrothill (1985 OS) farm lies across the river towards Earlston. An Arrathill Mount overlooks Old Rome.

Cholera

In 1832 an outbreak of Cholera claimed many lives in Kilmaurs and to prevent the entrance of strangers or vagrants, guards were placed at Gatehead, Knockentiber and other places to prevent any communication between the occupants of Kilmaurs and the rest of the community.*McNaught, Duncan (1912). "Kilmaurs Parish and Burgh." Pub. A.Gardner. P. 254.]

Gatehead Gallery 2007

A Map of the Parish of Kilmaurs

References

External links

* [http://www.nls.uk/maps/index.html/ Maps at the National Library of Scotland]
* [http://www.old-maps.co.uk/ 1860 OS Maps]
* [http://geo.nls.uk/roy/ General Roy's Military Survey map of Scotland.]
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A_Researcher's_Guide_to_Local_History_Terminology A Researcher's Guide to Local History terminology]