Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts

Infobox_nrhp | name =Beacon Hill Historic District
nrhp_type = nhld

---

caption = Cutting down Beacon Hill, about 1800; a view from the north toward the Massachusetts State House
location= Boston, Massachusetts
locmapin = Massachusetts
area =
built =1795
architect= Charles Bulfinch
architecture= Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Federal
designated=December 19, 1962
added = October 15, 1966
governing_body = Local
refnum=66000130cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]

:"Other places are also named Beacon Hill."Beacon Hill is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, covering approximately one square mile (2.6 km²) and home to about 10,000 people. It is a neighborhood of Federal-style rowhouses and is known for its narrow, gas-lit streets and brick sidewalks. Today, Beacon Hill is regarded as one of the most desirable and expensive neighborhoods in the country. [ [http://www.moving.com/Great-Neighborhoods/boston/boston-neighborhoods.asp Great Neighborhoods: Boston] ] [ [http://www.yourguidehome.com/neighborhoods.html Boston Neighborhoods] ]

Like many similarly named areas, the neighborhood is named for the location of a former beacon atop the highest point in central Boston, once located just behind the current site of the Massachusetts State House. The hill, and two other nearby hills, were substantially reduced in height to allow the development of housing in the area and to create land by filling part of the Back Bay at the foot of the hill.

The Beacon Hill area is located just north of the Boston Common and the Boston Public Garden and is generally bounded by Beacon Street on the south, Somerset Street on the east, Cambridge Street to the north and Storrow Drive along the riverfront of the Charles River Esplanade to the west. The block bounded by Beacon, Tremont and Park Streets is included as well, as is the Boston Common itself. The level section of the neighborhood west of Charles Street, on landfill, is known locally as the "Flat of the Hill."

The entire hill was once owned by William Blaxton, the first settler of Boston from 1625 to 1635, who eventually sold his land to the Puritans. The south slope of Beacon Hill facing the Common was the socially desirable side in the 19th century. Black Beacon Hill was on the north slope. The two Hills were largely united on the subject of Abolition. Beacon Hill was one of the staunchest centers of the anti-slavery movement in the Antebellum era.

Until a major urban renewal project of the late 1950s, the red-light district of Scollay Square flourished just to the east of Beacon Hill, as did the West End neighborhood to the north.

Because the Massachusetts State House is in a prominent location at the top of the hill, the term "Beacon Hill" is also often used as a metonym in the local news media to refer to the state government or the legislature.

Beacon Hill was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1962.

Notable residents

Beacon Hill has been home to many notable persons, including:
* Louisa May Alcott, 10 Louisburg Square
* John Albion Andrew
* William Blaxton, original owner of Beacon Hill
* Edwin Booth, 29A Chestnut Street
* Charles Bulfinch
* John Singleton Copley
* Michael Crichton
* Robert Frost, 88 Mount Vernon St., 1941
* John Hancock
* Chester Harding, 16 Beacon Street
* Teresa Heinz
* Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
* Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
* Julia Ward Howe
* Abigail Johnson
* Edward M. Kennedy
* John Kerry
* Henry Cabot Lodge
* James Russell Lowell
* Robert Lowell
* Mary Osgood, 8 Beacon Street
* Harrison Gray Otis
* Sylvia Plath
* William Prescott
* David Lee Roth
* Anne Sexton
* Robert Gould Shaw
* Carly Simon
* Charles Sumner
* Uma Thurman
* David Walker
* Gretchen Osgood Warren, 67 Mount Vernon Street
* Fiske Warren, 67 Mount Vernon Street
* Daniel Webster
* Jack Welch

Demographics

The average income for a male in 2007 was $1,895,800, while it was $1,250,325 for women. The average income for a family was $4,798,000.Fact|date=July 2007 In 2007, the average selling price for a townhouse in the neighborhood was $2,750,000; while the average price for a penthouse apartment went for $3,000,000. The neighborhood's most exclusive and expensive street (Louisburg Square), had an average home value of between $6,000,000 and $20,000,000.Fact|date=May 2008

Sites of interest

Sites of interest in Beacon Hill include:
* Massachusetts State House (Beacon Street): Home of the state's government
* The Unitarian Universalist Association: Headquarters of the international, liberal religious denomination, next door to the Massachusetts State House
* Louisburg Square
* Nearby Acorn Street, a narrow lane paved with cobblestones, often mentioned as the most picturesque (or the most frequently photographed) street in the United States.Fact|date=August 2007
* Mt. Vernon Street: "The finest address in all America"
* Bull and Finch Bar (Beacon Street): Source of inspiration and exterior shots for the "Cheers" television show.
* Charles Street Meeting House
* The Club of Odd Volumes (Mount Vernon Street): Bibliophiles club, library, and archive
* Suffolk University
* Suffolk University Law School
* Park Street Church
* The route taken by the fictional Mrs. Mallard and her children, depicted in "Make Way for Ducklings," a book for children by Robert McCloskey. The story is commemorated every year in May by a parade through Beacon Hill to the Boston Public Garden.
* Robert Gould Shaw and 54th Massachusetts Regiment Memorial: Intersection of Beacon Street and Park Street, opposite the Massachusetts State House
*Museum of African American History, New England’s largest museum dedicated to preserving, conserving and interpreting the contributions of African Americans, located at the African Meeting House.
*Nichols House Museum, a historic 1804 townhouse
*Harrison Gray Otis House, 1796. The Otis House also houses Historic New England's headquarters.
*The Francis Parkman House
*The Vilna Shul

Former street names in Beacon Hill

* Anderson Street - West Centre Street
* Irving Street - Butolph Street
* Joy Street - Clapboard Street (between Cambridge and Myrtle Streets in 1735), Belknap Lane (between Myrtle and Mount Vernon Streets)
* Myrtle Street - May Street
* Phillips Street - Southac Street
* Smith Court - May's Court
* West Cedar Street - George Street

Notable addresses in Beacon Hill

Beacon Street

* One Beacon Street - An eponymous office tower at the corner of Tremont Street; the 14th-tallest building in the city
* 8 Beacon Street - late 19th/early 20th century home of the Osgood Family: Dr. Osgood, Margaret Osgood and daughters Gretchen and Mary
* 10 1/2 Beacon Street - Boston Athenæum
* 14 Beacon Street - Congregational House, site of the Congregational Library and City Mission Society
* 16 Beacon Street - Chester Harding House, now home to the Boston Bar Association, was home to the famous portrait painter Chester Harding from 1826-1830
* 22 Beacon Street - built in 1804 by Charles Bulfinch; now houses the Beacon Hill studio for Fox 25 News (WFXT), with a strategic rooftop camera position
* 25 Beacon Street - headquarters of the Unitarian Universalist Association, an international liberal religious denomination
* 33 Beacon Street - resident George Parkman
* 34 1/2 Beacon Street - erstwhile headquarters of Family Service of Greater Boston, a private, nonprofit social service agency founded in 1835
* 39-40 Beacon Street - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow courted and married Fanny Appleton
* 42-43 Beacon Street - painter John Singleton Copley had a house on this site, as did David Sears II, whose house is now the home of the Somerset Club
* 45 Beacon Street - 3rd Harrison Gray Otis house, now American Meteorological Society
* 54-55 Beacon Street - resident William Prescott had William Makepeace Thackeray as houseguest
* 84 Beacon Street - Cheers Beacon Hill. Formerly known as the Bull & Finch Pub, this pub was the inspiration for the classic television show, Cheers, and was shown during the opening credits of the sitcom.

Bowdoin Street

* 35 Bowdoin Street - Church of Saint John the Evangelist
* 122 Bowdoin Street - nominal resident, John Fitzgerald Kennedy (registered voting address)

Brimmer Street

* 30 Brimmer Street - Church of the Advent ( [http://www.theadvent.org/ official site)]
* 44 Brimmer Street - resident Samuel Eliot Morison

Cambridge Street

* Massachusetts General Hospital - Bulfinch Pavilion and Ether Dome
* 100 Cambridge Street, Upper Plaza - Garden of Peace
* 131 Cambridge Street - Old West Church
* 141 Cambridge Street - 1st Harrison Gray Otis house, architect Charles Bulfinch

Charles Street

* 44A Charles Street - Mary Sullivan, last victim of the Boston Strangler, murdered here

Chestnut Street

* 6 Chestnut Street - Beacon Hill Friends House
* 13, 15, 17 Chestnut Street - architect Charles Bulfinch
* 18 Chestnut Street - birthplace of poet Robert Lowell
* 50 Chestnut Street - resident Francis Parkman, historian
* 57A Chestnut Street - Harvard Musical Association

Grove Street

* 28 Grove Street - Resident Rev. Leonard A. Grimes, prominent black clergyman associated with the Underground Railroad and Abolitionist movement. Noted for being one of the men who bought the freedom of Anthony Burns after his arrest.

Irving Street

* 58 Irving Street - Birthplace of Charles Sumner, abolitionist, U.S. Senator.

Joy Street

* 46 Joy Street - African Meeting House
* 67 Joy Street - Resident Rebecca Lee Crumpler, prominent physician, considered to be the first black woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.

Louisburg Square

* 4 Louisburg Square - resident William Dean Howells while editor of the Atlantic Monthly
* 10 Louisburg Square - residents Bronson Alcott and Louisa May Alcott and family
* 19 Louisburg Square - residents John Kerry and Teresa Heinz Kerry
* 20 Louisburg Square - singer Jenny Lind married Otto Goldschmidt here

Mount Vernon Street

* 8 Mount Vernon Street - home of Fiske Warren and Gretchen Osgood Warren
* 32 Mount Vernon Street - residents Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe and his wife Julia Ward Howe
* 41 Mount Vernon Street - home of Beacon Press, a department of the Unitarian Universalist Association, that published the Senator Mike Gravel edition of the Pentagon Papers in 1971
* 45-47 Mount Vernon Street - site of Portia School of Law, founded for and by women in 1908
* 51-57 Mount Vernon Street - architect Charles Bulfinch
* 57 Mount Vernon Street - residents Daniel Webster and later Charles Francis Adams
* 67 Mount Vernon Street - home of Samuel Dennis and Susan Cornelia Warren, paper manufacturer and one time president of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
* 72 Mount Vernon Street - erstwhile site of the Boston University School of Theology
* 77 Mount Vernon Street - resident Sarah Wyman Whitman and later the clubhouse of the Club of Odd Volumes
* 85 Mount Vernon Street - 2nd Harrison Gray Otis house, architect Charles Bulfinch
* [http://www.colonialsociety.org/87.html 87 Mount Vernon Street] - architect Charles Bulfinch
* 127 Mount Vernon Street - Home of and Spenser for Hire, former Boston Fire Department station.

Phillips Street

* 2 Phillips Street - Resident John Coburn
* 18 Phillips Street - The Vilna Shul, now the [http://bcjh.org/ Boston Center For Jewish Heritage]
* 41 Phillips Street - Erstwhile site of the Northeast Institute of Industrial Technology
* 66 Phillips Street - Hayden House, associated with the Abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad
* 83 Phillips Street - Resident John Sweat Rock, prominent black dentist, attorney, and abolitionist activist

Pinckney Street

* 15 Pinckney Street - a site of Elizabeth Peabody's Kindergarten

Other residents

*Writers Brad Meltzer and Judd Winick lived in a tiny apartment in Beacon Hill in 1993 before they achieved success. While living there, Winick developed his first successful comic strip and Meltzer worked at "Games Magazine" by day while working on his first novel at night.

ee also

*Boston By Foot for guided architectural tours
*Cambridge Railroad

Books

*"Beacon Hill: The Life & Times of a Neighborhood," Moying Li-Marcus, 2002. ISBN 1-55553-543-7
*"Beacon Hill: A Walking Tour," A. McVoy McIntyre, 1975. ISBN 0-316-55600-9
*"The Mount Vernon Street Warrens," Martin Green, Simon & Schuster, 1989 ISBN 0684191091
*"Joy Street" Frances Parkinson Keyes, 1950, fiction.

References

External links

* [http://www.beaconhillonline.com Beacon Hill Online]
* [http://jsons.collegepublisher.com/news/2004/02/04/Neighborhoods/Beacon.Hill.Home.To.Black.History.In.Boston-620979.shtml Black Beacon Hill]
* [http://www.vilnashul.com/ Vilna Shul]
* [http://cityofboston.gov/bra/PDF/Publications//575BB-BHill.pdf Back Bay - Beacon Hill 2000 Census of Population and Housing]
* [http://www.dgmaestro.com/beaconhills/ Beacon Hill Quick-Walk]

History
* [http://www.kellscraft.com/BookofBoston/BookofBoston03.html The Book of Boston, 1916] by Robert Shackleton, text and photos online
* [http://www.colonialsociety.org/87.html Colonial Society] discussion of the development of Beacon Hill.