Kayes

Infobox Settlement
name = PAGENAME
official_name =
other_name =
native_name ="Kayi", "Xaayi"
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translit_lang1=
translit_lang1_type=Bambara
translit_lang1_info="Kayi"
translit_lang1_type1=Soninké
translit_lang1_info1="Xaayi"
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image_caption = Men cross a busy street in Kayes, 2006.


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pushpin_map_caption =Location within Mali
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = MLI
subdivision_type1 = Rgion
subdivision_name1 = Kayes
subdivision_type2 =Cercle
subdivision_name2 = Kayes Cercle
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established_title1 = Town founded
established_date1 = 1880s
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elevation_m = 20
elevation_ft = 68
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population_as_of =2006
population_footnotes = [ [http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/ML/index.html Columbia International Affairs Online] Data Provided by the Economist Intelligence Unit.]
population_note =estimate
population_total =100,583
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timezone = GMT
utc_offset = +0
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latd=14 |latm=27 |lats= |latNS=N
longd=11 |longm=26 |longs= |longEW=W
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footnotes = Kayes (Bambara "Kayi", Soninké "Xaayi") is a city in western Mali on the River Senegal, holding roughly 100,000 people. Kayes is the capital of the administrative region of the same name. The name "Kayes" comes from the Soninké word "karré," which describes a low humid place that floods in rainy season. The city is located convert|317|mi|km|lk=on north-west of the capital Bamako.

Climate

Kayes is nicknamed the "pressure cooker of Africa" due to its extreme heat; the town is surrounded by iron-rich mountains which contribute to the temperature. Kayes is often described as the hottest continuously-inhabitated town in Africa. The average daily high temperature in the city is 35°C (95°F), with temperatures usually peaking in April and May at an average 46°C (115°F).

History

Prior to French colonial expansion, Kayes was a small village. It's location on the path of the future Dakar-Niger Railway, and the French need for trade centers, led to the creation of the Kayes market town in 1881. It remains a transport hub, primarially for Senegalese trade, to this day. In 1892, Kayes became the capital of the French Sudan; Bamako replaced it as the capital first of the state of Haut Sénégal-Niger on October 17, 1899, then as the capital of all of French Sudan in 1908.

Economy and transport

The town has an international airport (Kayes Airport), and lies on the Dakar-Niger Railway, in an area rich in gold and iron.

Area

Different sites found in and around Kayes include:
*Fort du Médine
*the falls of Félou convert|4|km|mi|0
*the falls of Goulina, convert|100|km to the southeast on the Senegal river
*the tata (fortification) of Koniakari, constructed by El Hadj Umar Tall, convert|70|km to the northeast
*Lake Magui and Lake Doro
*the Manantali Dam

References

* Portions of this article are a translation of French language Wikipedia's Kayes.
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/ML/0/Kayes.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 20m (Red dots are railways)] .
* [http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/archives/helpers/geog-pic.htm Colonial history of Kayes] , from Web Site of Dr. Jim Jones, African History Since 1875the West Chester University Department of History.
* [http://www.travelblog.org/Africa/Mali/blog-2502.html View of Senegal River Bridge at Kayes] : Kidira Border Crossing into Mali, December 16th 2004 by NKOverland.