Alfred Bielschowsky

Alfred Bielschowsky {December 11, 1871 - April 5, 1940) was a German ophthalmologist. His specialty was physiology and pathology of the eye, particularly in regards to research of eye movement, space perception and diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies.

Bielschowsky was born in Namslau (Namysłów), Prussian Silesia. After attending the Königliches Katholisches Gymnasium of Glatz (Kłodzko), he studied medicine at the University of Breslau (Wrocław) and the University of Heidelberg, graduating in 1891. At Heidelberg he was taught by Theodor Leber. Bielschowsky studied medicine at the University of Berlin, attending the lectures of Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger and graduating in 1893. He received his medical license in Leipzig on March 1 of the same year.

Bielschowsky began studying and working at the Eye Clinic of the University of Leipzig, being habilitated as a Privatdozent in 1900 and becoming head physician in 1906. While at Leipzig, he studied under Ewald Hering. In 1912 Bielschowsky attained the chair of ophthalmology at the University of Marburg.

During World War I, Bielschowsky established a hospital ward and Braille instruction for treatment of blinded soldiers. With Carl Strehl (1886-1971), he founded the "Verein blinder Akademiker Deutschlands" (Association of Blinded Academics of Germany). For his war-time contributions, he was awarded the Iron Cross for War Aid from Paul von Hindenburg and honored with the title of "Geheimer Medizinalrat" (Privy Medical Counselor) by Wilhelm II, German Emperor.

In 1923 Bielschowsky was appointed chair at Breslau. While at Breslau, Bielschowsky published "Die Lähmungen der Augenmuskeln", an influential work concerning eye muscle disturbances.

Because of his Jewish heritage and Nazi persecution, Bielschowsky was fired from his position in 1934, and later emigrated to the United States in 1936. Here he became head of the Dartmouth Eye Institute at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. However, he died suddenly in 1940.

Associated eponym

* "Bielschowsky's head tilt test": A test for palsy of the superior oblique muscle caused by damage to cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve).

References

* [http://www.mrcophth.com/ophthalmologyhalloffame/bielschowsky.html Ophthalmology Hall of Fame; Biography and Photo]
* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2257.html Who Named It?]