Jacques Pâris de Bollardière

Infobox Military Person
name= Jacques Pâris de Bollardière
lived= 16 December 1907–22 February 1986
placeofbirth= Châteaubriant, France
placeofdeath= Talhouet, France


caption=
nickname=
allegiance=
branch=French Army
serviceyears= 1930–1961
rank= Général de Brigade
commands=
battles= World War II
First Indochina War
Algerian War
awards=Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur
Companion of the Liberation
Distinguished Service Order
laterwork=
portrayedby=

Jacques Pâris de Bollardière (16 December 1907 — 22 February 1986) was a French army general, famous for his non-violent positions during the 60s.

Youth

Bollardière studied at the Military Academy of Saint-Cyr ; he graduated in 1930 with the rank of sergeant, for insubordination (Saint-Cyr cadets normally graduate as commissioned officers, with the rank of sous-lieutenant). He was quickly promoted to sous-lieutenant (2nd Lt.), and to lieutenant in 1932.

He joined the French Foreign Legion in February 1935, and was posted to Algeria until 1940.

Second World War

In February 1940, Bollardière was assigned to the 13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade, and promoted to captain. He took part in the Battles of Narvik, and was back in Brest on the 13th of June. Seeing the debacle of the French armies, he crossed the Channel on a fishing boat and was among the very first to join Charles de Gaulle (the momentous rallying call that founded the Fighting French was broadcast on the 18th of that month); the Vichy regime sentenced him to death.

Bollardière fought in Gabon, and in Eritrea during the East African Campaign. Leading a 90-man strong party, he managed to seize and occupy an Italian fort in Massawa, taking over 300 prisoners. He was made a Compagnon de la Libération for this action.

Promoted to commandant(Major) in 1941, he took part in the capture of Damascus that summer. The following year, he took part in the Battle of Bir Hakeim, and the First Battle of El Alamein. He was severely wounded by a mine.

In October 1943, he volunteered for Special Forces training and was put on a parachute-training course. On 12 April 1944, Bollardière was parachuted in France to take a command in the maquis in Ardennes, under the "nom de guerre" "Prisme". His maquis units engaged German troops and sustained heavy casualties, but made a successful link with the advancing Allied ground forces. In September 1944, Bollardière returned to England.

He was then posted to the Airborne Forces and joined the "Red Berets" of the 3e "Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes" (Parachute Light Infantry), which was part of the S.A.S. Brigade. He parachuted into Holland.

Indochina war

Bollardière was in command of a paratrooper demi-brigade at the outbreak of the First Indochina War. He took part in commando actions in Laos, Cambodia and Tonkin.

Algerian War

From October 1953, Bollardière taught paratrooper strategy and tactics at the Paris "École de Guerre", the prestigious school for staff officers.

At the outbreak of the Algerian War, in July 1956, Bollardière was put in command of two brigades in the Algerian Atlas Mountains. He was promoted to général de brigade in December, becoming the youngest general of the French army of the time.

In opposition to government policy regarding usage of torture among French units, Bollardière requested to be relieved of command, and returned to France in January 1957. He was sentenced to 60 days of fortress arrest at La Courneuve for publicly supporting Servan-Schreiber. The only military to support him was captain Pierre Dabezies (1925-2002), a left-wing Gaullist who would later lead the 11e Choc elite troop and get close to the socialist Jean-Pierre Chevènement Jean Guisnel, "Jacques Pâris de Bollardière, portrait d'un général en honnête-homme", pp.47-49 in "Histoire secrète de la Ve République" (dir. Roger Faligot and Jean Guisnel), La Découverte, 2006, 2007 ] . Bollardière was later assigned to French Equatorial Africa and Germany.

He resigned from the Army after the Algiers putsch, as he was not able to obtain a command in Algeria.

Retirement and pacifist activism

Bollardière converted to pacifism after a talk by the writer Jean-Marie Muller in Lorient, on 23 October 1970. He was president of the association "Logement et Promotion Sociale" between 1968 and 1978. In July 1973, he was arrested by the French Navy during protests against nuclear trials in Mururoa, along with the journalist Brice Lalonde, the priest Jean Toulat and Jean-Marie Muller . The Council of Ministers, then headed by Georges Pompidou, imposed him as disciplinary measure a forced pension .

Honours

* Grand officer of the Legion of Honour
* Compagnon de la Libération
* "Croix de Guerre" 1939-45 (5 mentions in despatches)
* "Médaille de la Résistance"
* Belgian "Croix de Guerre"
* Distinguished Service Order and Bar
* Officier of the "Ordre Royal de la Couronne"

References

Notes

* A homonymous Jacques Pâris de Bollardière, General of Division, has been director of the National Service since September 2004.

External links

* [http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/748.html Ordre de la Libération]