Endemic species of Taiwan

The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.
* Order Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)
# Formosan Serow – "Naemorhedus swinhoei" (Gray)
* Order Insectivora (Shrews)
# Formosan Shrew – "Soriculus fumidus" Thomas
# Tada's Shrew – "Crocidura tadae" Tokuda & Kano
# Koshun Shrew – "Soriculus sodalis" Thomas
* Order Rodentia (Rodents)
# Formosan Field Vole – "Apodemus semotus" Thomas
# Spinous Country-rat – "Niviventer coxingi" (Swinhoe)
# Formosan White-bellied Rat – "Niviventer culturatus" (Thomas)
# Kikuchi's Field Vole – "Microtus kikuchii" (Kuroda)
* Order Primate (Primates)
# Formosan Macaque – "Macaca cyclopis" (Swinhoe)
* Order Chiroptera (Bats)
# Formosan Long-eared Bat – "Plecotus taivanus" Yoshiyuki
# Formosan Mouse-eared Bat – "Myotis taiwanensis" Linde
# Formosan Tube-nosed Bat – "Murina puta" Kishida
# Yellow-necked Bat – "Arielulus torquatus" Gabor & Lee
# Formosan Broad-muzzled Bat – "Myotis latirostris" Kishida
# Formosan Leaf-nosed Bat – "Hipposideros terasensis" Kisida
# Formosan Greater Horseshoe Bat – "Rhinolophus formosae" Sanborn
# Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat – "Rhinolophus monoceros" Andersen

Endemic birds

Fourteen endemic bird species of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 471 bird species). These birds make up about 9% of all birds living in Taiwan. Another 69 subspecies are endemic, accounting for another 45% of the local resident population.

* Order Passeriformes (Passerines and relatives)
# Taiwan Tit – "Parus holsti" Seebohm
# Taiwan Laughing Thrush – "Garrulax morrisonianus" (Ogilvie-Grant)
# Taiwan Sibia – "Heterophasia auricularis" (Swinhoe)
# Taiwan Yuhina – "Yuhina brunneiceps" Ogilvie-Grant
# Taiwan Barwing – "Actinodura morrisoniana" Ogilvie-Grant
# Steere's Liocichla – "Liocichla steerii" Swinhoe
# Formosan Blue Magpie – "Urocissa caerulea" (Gould)
# Taiwan Bulbul – "Pycnonotus taivanus" Styan
# Taiwan Whistling Thrush – "Myiophoneus insularis" Gould
# Collared Bush Robin – "Tarsiger johnstoniae" (Ogilvie-Grant)
# Taiwan Firecrest – "Regulus goodfellowi" Ogilvie-Grant
# Taiwan Bush-warbler – "Bradypterus alishanensis"

* Order Galliformes (Chicken-like Birds)
# Taiwan Hill Partridge – "Arborophila crudigularis" (Swinhoe)
# Mikado Pheasant – "Syrmaticus mikado" (Ogilivie-Grant)
# Swinhoe's Pheasant – "Lophura swinhoii" (Gould)

Endemic reptiles

* Order Squamata (Lizards and Snakes)
# Formosan Smooth Skink – "Scincella formosensis" (Van Denburgh)
# Taiwan Forest Skink – "Sphenomorphus taiwanensis" Chen & Lue
# Lanyu Scaly-toed Gecko – "Lepidodactylus yami" Ota
# Kikuchi's Gecko – "Gekko kikuchii" (Oshima)
# Lue's Japalura – "Japalura luei" Ota, Chen & Shang
# Maki's Japalura – "Japalura makii" Ota
# Swinhoe's Japalura – "Japalura swinhonis" Gunther
# Short-legged Japalura – "Japalura brevipes" Gressitt
# Formosan Legless Lizard – "Ophisaurus formosensis" Kishida
# Formosan Grass Lizard – "Takydromus formosanus" Boulenger
# Sauteri Grass Lizard – "Takydromus sauteri" Van Denburgh
# Hsuehshan Grass Lizard – "Takydromus hsueshanesis" Lin & Cheng
# Stejneger's Grass Lizard – "Takydromus stejnegeri" Van Denburgh
# Hengchun Blind Snake – "Typhlops koshunensis" Oshima
# Taiwan Slug-eating Snake – "Pareas formosensis" (Van Dengurgh)
# Formosa Odd-scaled Snake – "Achalinus formosanus" Boulenger
# Black Odd-scaled Snake – "Achalinus niger" Maki
# Maki's Keelback – "Amphiesma miyajimae" Maki
# Swinhoe's Grass Snake – "Phabdophis swinhonis" (Gunther)
# Formosa Coral Snake – "Hemibungarus sauteri" (Steindachner)
# Taiwan Pit-viper – "Trimeresurus gracilis" Oshima

Endemic amphibians

* Order Anura (Frogs and Toads)
# Central Formosan Toad – "Bufo bankorensis"
# Emerald Green Treefrog – "Rhacophorus prasinatus"
# Farmland Green Treefrog – "Rhacophorus arvalis"
# Taipei Green Treefrog – "Rhacophorus taipeianus"
# Moltrecht's Green Treefrog – "Rhacophorus moltrechti"
# Robust Buerger's Frog – "Buergeria robusta"
# Temple Treefrog – "Chirixalus idiootocus"
# Orange-belly Treefrog – "Rhacophorus aurantiventris"

* Order Urodela (Salamanders and Newts)
# Formosan Salamander – "Hynobius formosanus"
# Sonani's Salamander – "Hynobius sonani"

Endemic freshwater fishes

* Order Cypriniformes (Minnows and Carps)
# Taitung River Loach – "Hemimyzon taitungensis" Tzeng et Shen
# Formosan River Loach – "Hemimyzon formosanus" (Boulenger)
# River Loach – "Crossostoma lacustre" (Steindachner)
# Pulin River Loach – "Sinogastromyzon puliensis" Liang
# "Rasborinus macrolepis" (Regan) (Extinct)
# "Pararasbora moltrechti" Regan
# "Acrossocheilus paradoxus" (Günther)
# Lake Candidus Dace – "Candidia barbata" (Regan)
# "Microphysogobio alticorpus" Banarescu et Nalbant
# Taiwan Ku Fish – "Scaphesthes alticorpus" (Oshima)
# Freshwater Minnow – "Zacco pachycephalus" (Günther)
# "Gobiobotia cheni" Banarescu et Nalbant
# "Microphysogobio brevirostris" (Günther)
# Medaka – "Aphyocypris kikuchii" (Oshima)
# "Squalidus iijimae" (Oshima)

* Order Perciformes (Perch-like Fishes)
# Goby – "Rhinogobius gigas" Aonuma et Chen
# Goby – "Rhinogobius formosanus" Oshima
# Goby – "Cryptocentrus yatsui" Tomiyama
# Goby – "Rhinogobius nantaiensis" Aonuma et Chen
# Goby – "Rhinogobius henchuenensis" Chen et Shao
# Goby – "Rhinogobius delicatus" Chen et Shao
# Goby – "Rhinogobius maculafasciatus" Chen et Shao
# Goby – "Rhinogobius rubromaculatus" Lee et Chang
# Goby – "Myersina yangii" (Chen) (Extinct)
# Goby – "Rhinogobius lanyuensis" Chen, Miller et Fang

* Order Siluriformes (Catfishes)
# Formosan Trooent Catfish – "Liobagrus formosanus" Regan
# Bagrid Catfish – "Pseudobagrus adiposalis" Oshima
# Bagrid Catfish – "Pseudobagrus brevianalis" Regan

* Order Osmeriformes (Smelts, Galaxiids, and relatives)
# Ariake Icefish – "Salanx acuticeps" Regan (Extinct)

* Order Salmoniformes (Salmons and Trouts)
# Formosan Landlocked Salmon – "Oncorhynchus formosanus" (Jordan et Oshima)

References

ee also

* List of protected species in Taiwan
* Ecology of Taiwan

External links

* [http://www.tesri.gov.tw/ Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute]
* [http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/ Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network]