List of naval and land-based operations in Mediterranean Sea area during World War II

List of naval and land-based operations in Mediterranean Sea area during World War II

Naval operations and land operations in regions and nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea, including Italy and French Riviera.

Axis

* "Achse" ("Axis") (1943) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — response to Italian defection. Final plan Achse represented combination of plan Schwartz and original plan Achse.
* "Aida" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — Afrika Korps advance into Egypt.
* "Anti-Atlas" (1944) flagicon|Germany|Nazi —failed operation to fly agents into north Africa
* "Brandung" (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old —
* "Capri" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — counter-attack at Medenine, Tunisia
* "Etappenhase" (1944) flagicon|Germany|Nazi —aborted attempt to establish assault bases along Algerian-Tunisian border
* "Felix" (1940–41) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — planned invasion of Gibraltar.
* "Frühlungswind" ("Spring wind") (1943) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — attack on CCA/1st at Sidi bou Zid.
* "Gisela" flagicon|Germany|Nazi — second response plan in event of Allied invasion of Iberian peninsula.
* "Gertrud" — planned response in event Turkey joined Allies.
* "Herbstnebel 2" (1944) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — rejected proposal to withdraw troops in Italy behind Po River.
* "Herkules" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — planned Axis airborne invasion of Malta.
* "Isabella" (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — plans for operations on the Iberian peninsula.
** "Ilana" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — amended "Isabella".
** "Gisella" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — "Isabella" renamed.
** "Nürnberg" (1943) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — third and final plan in case of Allied landings in the Iberian peninsula.
* "Lehrgang" ("Training Course") (1943) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — evacuation of Sicily following Allied Operation Husky.
* "Marita" (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — invasion of Greece.
** "Alpenveilchen" ("Alpine Violet") flagicon|Germany|Nazi (1941) — planned German intervention in Albania
* "Merkur" ("Mercury") (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — German invasion of Crete
* "Mittelmeer" ("Mediterrean") (1940–1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — reinforcement of Regia Aeronautica in Mediterranean.
* "Morgenluft" ("Morning Air") (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — Occupation of Gafsa.
* "Morgenrote" ("Dawn") (1944) flagicon|Germany|Nazi — German counterattack against Allied Operation Shingle.
* "Ochsenkopf" ("Ox head") (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi —
* "Skorpion" ("Scorpion") (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old —
* "Sommernachtstraum" ("Summers Night Dream") (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old —
*"Sonnenblume" ("Sun Flower") flagicon|Germany|Nazi — movement Afrika Korps troops to North Africa as a result of "Compass"
* "Sturmflut" ("Storm tide") (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi —
* "Theseus" (1942) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — offensive to drive Allies out of Cyrenaica and Egypt
* "Wintergewitter" ("Winter Storm") (1944) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — axis offensive against the American 92nd Infantry Division in the Appennines
* "Venezia" (1941) flagicon|Germany|Nazi flagicon|Italy|old — axis attack on the Gazala Line

Allies

* "Accolade" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|South Africa|1928 — proposed British occupation of Rhodes, and subsequently, failed occupation of the Dodecanese
* "Agreement" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|Southern Rhodesia flagicon|New Zealand — British, Rhodesian and New Zealand raids on several North African targets
**"Daffodil" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Tobruk raid
**"Hyacinth" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Barce raid
**"Snowdrop" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Benghazi raid
**"Tulip" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Jalo oasis recapture
* "Anvil" (1944) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|France|free — Allied invasion of Southern France. Name later changed to "Dragoon"
*"Avalanche" (1943) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied landings near Salerno, Italy
** "Boardman" (1943) — deception operation for "Avalanche"
** "Giant II" flagicon|United States|1912 — cancelled landing of U.S. 82nd Airborne near Rome.
* "Battleaxe" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|India|British — Failed British attack on Axis forces in North Africa to relieve Tobruk
* "Baytown" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied landings in Calabria, Italy
** "Slapstick" (1944) flagicon|United Kingdom — British landings at Taranto
* "Begonia" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — airborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy
* "Bowery" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|United States|1912 — delivery of Spitfires to Malta
* "Brevity" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — British capture of Halfaya Pass, Egypt
* "Calendar" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|United States|1912 — delivery of Spitfires to Malta
* "Candytuft" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
* "Cold Comfort" (1945) flagicon|United Kingdom — Cold Comfort failed SAS raid to block railway through Brenner Pass
* "Collar" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — convoy from Gibraltar to Malta and then to Egypt.
* "Colossus" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — experimental airborne raid on Italian aqueduct near Calitri in southern Italy
* "Compass" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — British counteroffensive in North Africa
* "Corkscrew" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied occupation of Pantellaria
* "Crusader" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — British relief of Tobruk
* "Diadem" (1944) flagicon|France|free — Successful Allied assault on German Gustav Line defences in Italy.
**"Strangle" (1944) flagicon|United States|1912 — Allied bombing of German supply lines, in preparation for operation Diadem.
* "Dragoon" (1944) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|France|free — Allied landing in southern France
** "Dove" flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom — gliderborne component of "Dragoon"
** "Romeo" flagicon|France|free — Free French assault on German coastal battery
** "Span" — deception operation in support of "Dragoon"
* "Driftwood" (1944) flagicon|United Kingdom — failed raid on rail targets north of Rome
* "Dunlop" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of 24 Hurricanes to Malta (1 lost en route)
* "Encore" (1945) — Allied assault on mountain positions in Italy
* "Excess" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy
* "Exporter" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|France|free — Allied invasion of Vichy-controlled Syria and Lebanon
* "Fustian" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — British airborne capture of a bridge on Sicily
* "Guillotine" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom v— transfer of troops to Cyprus
* "Guillotine" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied advance from Cyrenaica to Tripolitania
* "Gymnast" — early name for Operation "Torch"
* "Halberd" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy from Gibraltar
* "Harpoon" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy from Gibraltar
* "Hats" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy from Alexandria
* "Hurry" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta
* "Husky" flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom (1943) — Allied invasion of Sicily
** "Chestnut" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — SAS raid supporting Sicily invasion.
** "Ladbroke" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — British glider landing near Syracuse, Sicily
** "Mincemeat" (1943) — Disinformation operation prior to the invasion of Sicily
** "Narcissus" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — British SAS raid on a lighthouse in Sicily
* "Jonquil" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom — seaborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy (see also: "Begonia")
* "Judgement" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — British air attack on Italian fleet in Taranto harbour
* "LB" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of Spitfires to Malta
* "Lightfoot" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|Australia — first attack by the British and Australians at El Alamein
** "Bertram" (1942) — deception operation in preparation for the Second Battle of El Alamein
** "Supercharge" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|New Zealand — second stage attack by British and New Zealanders at El Alamein
* "Lustre" (1941) — Allied reinforcement of Greece
* "Outing & Outing II" (1944) flagicon|United Kingdom — anti-shipping operations in Aegean Sea
* "Pedestal" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied convoy from Gibraltar to Malta.
* "Portcullis" (1942) — convoy from Alexandria to Malta
* "Pugilist" (1943) flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|New Zealand — Allied attack on Mareth Line and advance to Sfax
* "Roast" (1945) flagicon|United Kingdom — action by British Commandos at Comacchio lagoon, north east Italy
* "Saxifrage" (1943) — four parties from 2 SAS to destroy the railway line between Ancona and Pescara
* "Shingle" (1944) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied landings at Anzio
** "Baobab" (1944) — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
** "Chettyford" — deception plan to support "Shingle"
** "Pomegranate" (1944) — SAS raid in support of "Shingle"
* "Speedwell" (1945) flagicon|United Kingdom — Behind enemy lines operation by the British Special Air Service to disrupt rail communications in northern Italy.
* "Spotter" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of Spitfires to Malta
* "Stone Age" (or: "Stoneage") (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy from Alexandria
* "Substance" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy
* "Supercharge II" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — the breakthrough at Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
* "Sunrise" (1945) — negotiations leading to German surrender in Italy.
* "Tiger" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy
* "Tombola" (1945) flagicon|United Kingdom — SAS raid in Italy
* "Torch" (1942) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom — Allied landings in French Morocco and Algeria originally titled "Gymnast".
** "Blackstone" (1942) flagicon|United States|1912 — US assault on Safi, Morocco
** "Brushwood" (1942) flagicon|United States|1912 — US assault on Fedala
** "Goalpost" (1942) flagicon|United States|1912 — US assault on Port Lyautey (now Kenitra)
** "Perpetual" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — British landings at Cap Carbon
** "Reservist" (1942) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom — failed Allied attack on Oran
* "Tracer" (1941) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta
* "Vigorous" (1942) flagicon|United Kingdom — Malta convoy from Alexandria
* "Vulcan" (1943) flagicon|United States|1912 flagicon|United Kingdom flagicon|France|free — Final Allied assault on Axis forces trapped around Tunis.
* "White" (1940) flagicon|United Kingdom — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta (8 lost en route)
* "Wop" (1943) flagicon|United States|1912 — 1st Division occupies Gafsa.
* "Zombie" (1945) — Operation "Cold Comfort", renamed.

ee also

List of World War II military operations


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