Battle of Molino del Rey

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Molino del Rey
partof=the Mexican-American War


caption=
date=September 8, 1847
place=Mexico City, D.F.
casus=
territory=
result=U.S. victory
combatant1=United States
combatant2=Mexico
commander1=Winfield Scott,
William J. Worth
commander2=Antonio Léon †
Francisco Pérez
strength1=2,800
strength2= 4,000 Total including 1,400 Leon Brigade,1,700 Perez Brigade,700 3d Light, 160 2d Light, 40 Artillery.
casualties1=116 killed,
665 wounded,
18 missing
casualties2= 769 casualties ( 269c killed and c 500 wounded ** ),
852 captured and 4 guns|

The Battle of Molino del Rey was one of the bloodiest engagements of the Mexican-American War.

Background

On September 6, 1847, as the armistice and negotiations that followed the Battle of Churubusco were breaking down, a large number of Mexican troops were observed around a group of low, massive stone buildings known as "Molino del Rey (King's Mill)". Spread across the distance of this point, they were about 1,000 yards (1 km) west of the Castle at Chapultepec, which itself was about two miles (3 km) from the gates of Mexico City. A large grove of trees separated the Mill from the castle, while the castle's batteries covered the area.

General Winfield Scott received reports that the trees masked a foundry for casting cannon, and there were rumors that Antonio López de Santa Anna, leader of both the Mexican government and military, in desperate need of ordnance, was sending out church and convent bells to have them melted down and converted to cannon. From the roof of the bishop's palace at Tucubaya, where General Scott's quarters were, the evidence of there being some kind of furnace was distinctly visible in the bright red flame which rose above the Mill's roof. Scott ordered General Worth to attack and take the Mill, break up the factory, and destroy any munitions found.

Battle

The King's Mill is a range of stone buildings, about fifteen hundred feet in length. These include a flour mill, and the old royal gunpowder mill. About five hundred yards from the northern extremity of the mills is the Casa Mata, another strong stone building. About three hundred yards west of Casa Mata is a large ravine, with the hacienda of Morales beyond. This range of ground, from the King's Mill on the left to the high ground west from the ravine, on the right, was occupied by the Mexican forces. In the mills were the National Guards of Liberty, Union, Queretaro, and Mina,under General Leon, and the brigade of troops commanded by General Rangel (3 Guns,the Granaderos de Guardia, San Blas Activos, and the Santa Anna & Morelia Mixtos). Between the mills and the Casa Mata were the 2nd light battalion, that of the Fijo the Mejico, and the 1st and 2nd regiments of the line, with six pieces of artillery, under General Ramirez. In the Casa Mata were the 4th light battalion and 11th regiment of the line, under General Perez. In the grove of Chapultepec, in the rear of the mills, as a reserve, were the 1st and 3d light battalions. West of the ravine, toward Morales, were four thousand cavalry. With forces of 14,000, General Santa Ana was confident of victory.

At three o'clock in the morning of September 8, Worth sent an assault column of 500 men, the U.S. 8th Infantry Regiment led by Major George Wright, down a gently sloping plain. Behind them he placed Colonel Charles F. Smith's light battalion and George Cadwalader's brigade in the center, and to their right was Garland's brigade and a battery under Captain Simon H. Drum. On the left was Colonel James Duncan's battery and a brigade commanded by Colonel James S. McIntosh. Major Sumner commanded cavalry, initially on the extreme left. Worth had a total strength of 2,800 men.

Captain Huger's heavy guns first opened fire on the mills, and continued until that point of the enemy's line became shaken. Major Wright's storming party dashed forward at a charge. Fire began from Mexican artillery on the flank of the column, and infantry on the flat roof of the mills opened fire from the flank as well as the front. Eleven of fourteen American officers were killed, but Smith and Cadwalader's forces occupied the enemy line in the center of the battle. Colonel Garland and Drum's battery occupied the enemy's position on the right, immediately under the guns of Chapultepec.

On the left side, Colonel McIntosh's brigade advanced on the Casa Mata under murderous fire. McIntosh's forces compelled to fall back, Duncan's battery offered support and compelled the occupants and reinforcements to leave the Casa Mata.

Aftermath

After blowing up the Casa Mata and destroying the molds and other property in the mills, American forces returned to Tacubaya. Three Mexican guns, large quantities of small arms and ammunition, and 800 prisoners were captured. Mexican forces lost over 769 casualties along with General Leon and Colonels Balderas (Mina Battalion) and Gelaty dead. American losses included 729 men killed and wounded, 49 officers wounded, and the deaths of Lieutenant-colonel Scott, Major Graham, Captains Merrill and Ayres, and Lieutenants Johnston, Armstrong, Strong, Burwell, and Farry.

Preparations began immediately for the Battle of Chapultepec.

ee also

*Battles of the Mexican-American War

References

** If the same ratios applied as at Buena Vista
*Bauer, K. Jack, "The Mexican-American War 1846-48"
*Brooks, N.C. ' ' "A Complete History of The Mexican War" ' '
*Alcaraz, Ramon et al. ' ' "Apuntes Para la Historia de la Guerra entre Mexico y los Estados Unidos" ' '
*Ramsey, Albert C. ' ' "The Other Side" ' '
*(1899) "The Great Battles of All Nations", Volume 2. Edited by Archibald Wilberforce, 640-644. Peter Fenelon Collier & Son: New York.