First Hellenic Republic

Infobox Former Country
native_name = Ελληνική Πολιτεία
"Ellīnikí Politeía"
conventional_long_name = Hellenic Republic
common_name = Hellenic Republic
continent = Europe
region = Balkans
country = Greece
status = Unrecognized state
government_type = Republic
era = |
year_start = 1822
date_start = January 1
year_end = 1832
date_end = June 18|
event_pre = Start of Greek Revolution
date_pre = March, 1821
event1 = Treaty of Constantinople
date_event1 = May 7, 1832
event_post = London Protocol
date_post = August 30, 1832|
p1 = Ottoman Empire
flag_p1 = Ottoman flag.svg
p2 = Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece
flag_p2 = Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svg
p3 = Peloponnesian Senate|
p4 = Senate of Western Continental Greece|
s1 = Kingdom of Greece
flag_s1 = Hellenic_Kingdom_Flag_1935.svg‎ |

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flag_type = National flag|


symbol = National emblem of Greece
symbol_type = Seal of the Provisional Government (1822-1828)|
capital = Nafplion
common_languages =Greek
religion = Greek Orthodox|
leader1 = Ioannis Kapodistrias
year_leader1 = 1828-1831
leader2 = Augustinos Kapodistrias
year_leader2 = 1831-1832
leader3 = Governmental Commission
year_leader3 = 1832-1833
title_leader = Governor

The First Hellenic Republic ( _el. Α' Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) is a name used to refer to the provisional Greek state during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. It is a purely historiographical term, highlighting the constitutional and democratic nature of the revolutionary regime prior to the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, and associating this period of Greek history with the later Second and Third Republics.

In the first stages of the 1821 uprising, various areas elected their own regional governing councils. These were replaced by a central administration at the First National Assembly of Epidaurus in early 1822, which also adopted the first Greek Constitution, marking the birth of the modern Greek state. The new state was not recognized by the Great Powers of the day, which, after initial successes, was threatened with collapse both from within due to civil war and from the victories of the Turco-Egyptian army of Ibrahim Pasha.

However, by this time (1827), the Great Powers had come to agree to the formation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, as stipulated in the Treaty of London. Ottoman refusal to accept these terms led to the Battle of Navarino, which effectively secured complete Greek independence.

In 1827, the Third National Assembly at Troezen established the Hellenic State (Ελληνική Πολιτεία) and selected Count Ioannis Capodistrias as Governor of Greece. (Therefore the state is often called Governorate.) After his arrival in Greece in January 1828, Capodistrias actively tried to create a functional state and redress the problems of a war-ravaged country, but was soon embroiled in conflict with powerful local magnates and chieftains. He was assassinated by political rivals in 1831, plunging the country into renewed civil strife. He was succeeded by his brother Augustinos, who was forced to resign after six months. Once again the three "Protecting Powers" (Great Britain, France and Russia) intervened, declaring Greece a Kingdom in the London Conference of 1832, with the Bavarian Prince Otto of Wittelsbach as king.

Heads of State

*Ioannis Kapodistrias (January 24, 1828 - October 9, 1831)
*Augustinos Kapodistrias (October 9, 1831 - April 9, 1832)
*Governmental Commission (April 9, 1832 - February 2, 1833)