Alisma

Alisma
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Alismataceae
Genus:	Alisma L.
Species
A. canaliculatum A. gramineum A. lanceolatum A. nanum A. plantago-aquatica A. subcordatum A. triviale A. wahlenbergii

Alisma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae, members of which are commonly known as water-plantains. The genus consists of aquatic plants with leaves either floating or submerged, found in a variety of still water habitats around the world (nearly worldwide).^[1] The flowers are hermaphrodite, and are arranged in panicles, racemes, or umbels. Alisma flowers have six stamens, numerous free carpels in a single whorl, each with 1 ovule, and subventral styles. The fruit is an achene with a short beak.

The nineteenth century British art and social critic John Ruskin believed that the particular curve of the leaf-ribs of Alisma represented a model of 'divine proportion' and helped shape his theory of Gothic architecture.

Copóg Phádraig ("leaf of Patrick") is the Irish name for the water-plantain and is reputed to ward off fairies.

In North America two common plants genus exist, Alisma subcordatum and A. plantago-aquatica. Water plantain are perennial plants. These herbs are usually emergent plants 0.1 - 1 m high. They have broad leaves that can be either tapered or rounded at the base. When submerged, the plant produces ribbon-like leaves. Inflorescence are highly branched. When flowering, they produce perfect flowers white and pinkish in color. The fruit are small with flat-sided nutlets in a whorl and 2.5 - 3 mm in length. These herbs usually flower in late May to early September, but can vary with conditions.^[2]

Water-plantains are wetland plants and found in saturated soils and shallow water as well as marshes, wooded swamps, shrub swamps and flooded farmland. When introduced to an area, water plantain can rapidly reproduce. The plant is common to regions of northern Minnesota and readily found on Lake Plantagenet.^[2]

Species

• Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché
• Alisma gramineum Lej.
• Alisma lanceolatum Withering
• Alisma nanum D.F.Cui
• Alisma plantago-aquatica L.
• Alisma subcordatum Raf.
• Alisma triviale Pursh
• Alisma wahlenbergii (Holmb.) Juz.

References

1. ^ "Alisma". Flora of North America. http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101042. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Gleason and Cronquist (1991); Fernald (1970); Voss (1972).

• Bjorkqvist, I., in Op. Bot. (Lund)17:1 - 128 (1967); 19:1 - 138 (1968)

External links

Media related to Alisma at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Alisma at Wikispecies