Carlos Franqui

Infobox revolution biography
name=Carlos Franqui
lived=Birth year and age|1921
dateofbirth= Birth year and age|1921
placeofbirth= flagcountry|Cuba
dateofdeath=
placeofdeath=


caption=Carlos Franqui in the middle with Fidel Castro making a speech to the right.
alternate name=
movement= Movimiento 26 de Julio
organizations=Radio Rebelde
monuments=
prizes=
religion=
footnotes=

Carlos Franqui (born 1921) is a Cuban writer, poet, journalist, art critic, and political activist.

Early years

Born in a cane field, he was able to enter a vocational school, where he joined the Communist Party of Cuba. He gave up the opportunity to enter the University of Havana to become a professional organizer for the party at the age of 20. After successfully organizing the party in several small towns, he broke with the organization and became an unaffiliated leftist.

He turned to journalism to make a living, where his voracious reading provided him with a much better education than he would have received in the university. During this time Franqui became involved in several literary and artistic movements and developed friendships with Cuban artists, including writer Guillermo Cabrera Infante and painter Wifredo Lam.

Role in the Cuban revolution

Franqui broke ranks with the Cuban Communist Party in the late 1940s, but he remained an unaffiliated leftist. cite web |year=2001 |url = http://www.lieurac.com/franqui_en.html|title = CARLOS FRANQUI, the story of a revolution|format = MOVIE|publisher = [http://www.lieurac.com lieurac] | accessdate = 2007-09-07 | last=Michel LE BAYON |quote=] After the Fulgencio Batista coup in 1952, he became involved with the "Movimiento 26 de Julio" which was directed by Fidel Castro. His contribution to the movement included co-editing the underground newspaper "Revolución" in Havana, for which he was in charge of public information. One article in particular reported the landing of the Granma and the confirmation of Fidel Castro's safety in the Sierra Maestra. He was jailed and tortured by the police. On his release, he went into exile in Mexico and Florida, but was soon drafted by Castro into the Sierra Maestra to continue work on "Revolución", the guerrilla movement's clandestine newspaper and "Radio Rebelde", their clandestine radio stationcite web |month=April | year=1993 |url = http://donmoore.tripod.com/central/cuba/rebel1.html|title = Revolution! Clandestine Radio and the Rise of Fidel Castro|format = HTML |publisher = Monitoring Times| accessdate = 2007-09-07 | last=Don Moore |quote= The failure of the April rebellion convinced Castro that revolution could only be won on the battlefield, and that communications and propganda were a bulwark of any military operation. Contacts in Miami arranged a secret airlift of more advanced radio equipment. Carlos Franqui, former editor of several underground newspapers, was brought in to head Radio Rebelde. More staff was recruited and programming expanded. Gradually Radio Rebelde became the center of a vast clandestine revolutionary broadcasting network.] . See his book of published interviews, letters and personal thoughts in his "Diary of the Cuban Revolution". NY: The Viking Press, 1980.

Upon the success of the Cuban Revolution in 1959, he was placed in charge of "Revolución", which became an official paper. During his tenure as editor, he maintained adegree of independence from the official line and emphasized the arts and literature, starting the literary supplement "Lunes de Revolución", which was directed by Guillermo Cabrera Infante and where high quality work by Cuban and international authors was featured. His position allowed him to travel extensively outside of Cuba. cite book | last = Carlos Franqui| authorlink = Carlos Franqui| title = FAMILY PORTRAIT WITH FIDEL| year = 1985 | publisher = Random House UK Ltd| isbn= 0224022687 - Page 65] . During his European travels, he met artists and intellectuals, such as Pablo Picasso, Miró, Calder, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Julio Cortazar and many others. A significant number of these artists traveled to Cuba. One of the most memorable visits was that of Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, which is recounted in the above book.

Due to his critical attitude, Franqui had frequent disagreements with the government, which eventually led to his resignation from "Revolución". The paper was closed a few months later. After his resignation, Franqui dedicated himself to art, organizing the famous "Salón de Mayo" exhibit in Havana (1967), where all leading artists in the world were represented.

Exile from Cuba

Because of his dissident attitude, he continued to have problems with the Cuban government. Eventually, he was allowed to leave Cuba with his family and settled in Italy as an unpaid cultural representative of Cuba. In 1968, he officially broke with the Cuban government when he signed a letter condemning the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.

After his definitive exile, his literary production markedly increased. He has written several major historical accounts of the Cuban Revolution ("El Libro de los Doce", "Diario de la Revolución Cubana"). Another facet of his production are a number of poetry and graphic arts collections (for which he has collaborated with Miró, Tapies, Calder and others), several books of poetry, as well as several narrative works on art (some edited in Italian under pen names).

He has continued to campaign against repression in Cuba and other countries. He is officially branded as a traitor by the Cuban government, which accuses him of CIA ties. Also, many Cuban exiles shun Franqui because of his active role in the Cuban revolution.

In the early 1990s he moved to Puerto Rico, where he lives in semi-retirement. In 1996, he founded "Carta de Cuba", a quarterly journal featuring high-quality work produced in Cuba by independent journalists and writers. Franqui continues to edit the publication to this date.

Erased from Cuba

After breaking relations with Cuba the Cuban government began erasing Franqui's image from the country's revolutionary history. In the above image of Fidel making a broadcast Franqui was airbrushed out. Upon learning of his erasure Franqui had this to say:Cquote2|I discover my photographic death.
Do I exist?
I am a little black,
I am a little white,
I am a little shit,
On Fidel's vest.|Carlos Franquicite web |year=2007 |url = http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/|title = digital tampering|format = HTML |publisher = | accessdate = 2007-09-07 | last=Hany Farid |quote=]

References

Written work

*cite book | last = Franqui, Carlos | title = Diary of the Cuban Revolution | date = June 18, 1980| publisher = Library of America | isbn= 0670272175
*cite book | last = Franqui, Carlos | title = Cuba, La Revolucion/ Cuba, the Revolution: Mito O Realidad/ Myth or Reality (El Ojo Infalible) | month =October | year =2006| publisher = Peninsular Publishing Company | isbn= 9707771372