- ASCI Red
ASCI Red or ASCI Option Red, was a
supercomputer installed atSandia National Laboratories , located inAlbuquerque, New Mexico . ASCI Red became operational in1997 and was retired from service in September, 2005. It was the fastest computer on theTOP500 list from June 1997 to June 2000. It was decommissioned in 2006.The project was a collaboration between
Intel corporation and Sandia Labs, as part of the U.S. Government'sAccelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). It was built as stage one of theAccelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) by theUnited States Department of Energy and theNational Nuclear Security Administration to build a simulator to replace live nuclear weapon detonation following the moratorium on underground testing started byPresident George H. W. Bush in1992 and extended byPresident Bill Clinton in1993 .It was a mesh-based (38 X 32 X 2)
MIMD "massively-parallel processing" machine initially consisting of 4,510 compute nodes, 1212gigabyte s of total distributed memory and 12.5terabyte s of disk storage. The original incarnation of this machine used IntelPentium Pro processors, each clocked at 200 MHz. These were later upgraded toPentium II OverDrive processors. The system was upgraded to a total of 9298 Pentium II OverDrive processors, each clocked at 333 MHz. It consisted of 104 cabinets, taking up about 2500 square feet (230 m²). The system was designed to use commodity mass-market components and to be very scalable.The original ASCI Red was the first computer on Earth to rate above 1 teraFLOPS on the MP-
Linpack benchmark (1996), as noted in Top500 Supercomputer sites. After being upgraded with Pentium II Overdrive processors, the computer demonstrated sustained MP-Linpack benchmarks above 2 teraFLOPS.Different partitions of the machine used different operating systems. To the programmer, it appeared as a normal
Unix machine, running "Teraflops OS", Intel's distributedOSF/1 AD-based system originally developed for the Paragon XP/S supercomputer. The compute partition processors ran Sandia's very light-weight "Cougar" operating system which traces its heritage back to theSUNMOS kernel developed for the compute nodes of the Paragon.A portion of ASCI Red is in the permanent collection of The Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
External links
* [http://www.sandia.gov/ASCI/Red/RedFacts.htm ASCI Red Facts]
* [http://www.top500.org Top500 Supercomputer Sites]
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