Indigenous church mission theory

Indigenous church mission theory

Indigenous churches are churches suited to local culture and led by local Christians. There have been two main Protestant strategies proposed for the creation of indigenous churches:

1. Indigenisation. Foreign missionaries create well-organised churches and then hand them over to local converts. The foreign mission is generally seen as a scaffolding which must be removed once the fellowship of believers is functioning properly. Missionaries provide teaching, pastoral care, sacraments, buildings, finance and authority, and train local converts to take over these responsibilities. Thus the church "becomes" indigenous. It "becomes" self-supporting, self-propagating and self-governing.

2. Indigeneity. Foreign missionaries do not create churches, but simply help local converts develop their own spiritual gifts and leadership abilities and gradually develop their own churches. Missionaries provide teaching and pastoral care alone. The church is thus indigenous "from the start". It "has always been" self-supporting, self-propagating and self-governing.

Proponents

* Henry Venn (Anglican, Church Missionary Society) (1796-1873) and Rufus Anderson (Congregationalist, American Board) (1796-1880) simultaneously developed a strategy of Indigenisation in response to the extreme paternalism exercised by western missionaries of the early 19th century, particularly in Asia. They perceived that 'rice' Christians were completely dependent on missionaries and loyal to the church only as long as they were receiving free food. In exchange, missionaries expected complete loyalty from the 'natives' and resisted giving up authority and control. The system was thought to foster an unhealthy parent-child relationship between the missionaries and national believers.

* Anthony Norris Groves (1795-1853) attempted to avoid this problem in pioneer areas by guarding against any form of dependency from the start. He chose to represent no foreign denomination or missionary society, and he encouraged full co-operation between all Protestant missionaries for the encouragement of indigenous initiatives. He predated Roland Allen by eighty years as an advocate of Indigeneity rather than Indigenisation. Looking directly to God for guidance and provision, he was a formative influence on Hudson Taylor and the "faith mission" movement, but the direct influence of his indigenous strategy is more evident in the remarkable movements associated with Bakht Singh in India and Watchman Nee in China. [Dann, Robert Bernard, The Legacy of Anthony Norris Groves, ("International Bulletin of Missionary Research", Vol.29, No.4, Oct. 2005)]

* John Livingstone Nevius (1829-1893) served as a Presbyterian missionary to China in the late 1800s. After questioning the methods of western missionaries of his time, he wrote a book published in 1886, "The Planting and Development of Missionary Churches," which called for discarding old-style missions and the adoption of his new plan to foster an independent, self-supporting local church. He criticized the missionaries' practice of paying national workers out of mission funds, believing the healthy local church should be able to support its own local workers.

* Hudson Taylor (1832-1905) was a Protestant missionary from England to China and founder of the China Inland Mission. He became disillusioned with other Protestant missionaries in China that lived in compounds and employed indigenous people as servants. Taylor subsequently learned local dialects, adopted local dress, and went up and down rivers in China preaching. He sought to distance himself from any paternal organizations or denominations in favor of "faith missions" which relied on the support of nationals and individuals. He also sought to train indigenous leaders to lead churches and mission stations in China, rather than have them run by foreigners.

* Dixon Edward Hoste (1861-1946) Was successor to Hudson Taylor as director of the China Inland Mission. Hoste is credited with making the Chinese churches apply the indigenous principles of self-government, self-support, and self-propagation. This threefold motto was later adopted by the Three-Self Patriotic Movement after missionaries were expelled from China.

* Roland Allen (1868-1947) also attempted to apply indigenous church principles to the missions of his day. After serving as an Anglican missionary in China from 1895 to 1903, he returned to England and spent 40 years writing about missions principles. Two of his books, "Missionary Methods: St. Paul's or Ours?" (1912) and "The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church: And Causes that Hinder It," are still in print.

* Alice Luce (1873-1955), an Anglican missionary in India, was influenced by Allen's theory of missions and in 1921 she wrote a series of articles, "Paul's Missionary Methods," for the Pentecostal Evangel. Due to her advocacy, indigenous church principles became normative for Assemblies of God missions during the early part of the 20th century.

* Melvin Hodges (1909-1988), an Assemblies of God missionary to Nicaragua, again popularized the idea in the 1950s with his book, "On the Mission Field: The Indigenous Church." He defined the indigenous church as "a native church . . . which shares the life of the country in which it is planted and finds itself ready to govern itself, support itself, and reproduce itself." Hodges believed that foreign money creates dependence and establishes paternalistic patterns within mission movements, leading to an unhealthy, anemic church. His experience as a missionary no doubt influenced his presentation of the Three-Self principles. He emphasized the need for flexibility and tailoring the principles to fit the need of the local believers.

* David Bosch (1929-1992), a Dutch Reformed missiologist, suggested in his book, "Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission" that a "fourth" "self" needed to be added to the Venn-Anderson framework: "self-theologizing." Though much self-theologizing had already taken place in mission churches, much of it has been left unnoticed or considered syncretistic. Bosch suggested that in order to not fall into the two extremes of syncretism or "Babylonian captivity," self-theologizing must be in dialogue with the Church Universal. Only then would a truly indigenous church exist. [David J. Bosch, "Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theolgoy of Mission" (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1997), 450-57.]

References

See also

*The Roman Catholic Church and Colonialism


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Mission — may refer to: Mission (grape), variety of grape Mission (station), base of missionary practice Mission statement, a formal short written statement of an organization s value proposition Mission Style Furniture, a style of furniture that… …   Wikipedia

  • Indigenous — may refer to: *Indigenous church mission theory *Indigenous peoples, population groups with ancestral connections to place prior to formally recorded (i.e. written) history **Indigenous knowledge (also called Traditional knowledge or Local… …   Wikipedia

  • Church of the Nazarene — Not to be confused with Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarene). Church of the Nazarene Seal of the Church of the Nazarene Classification Protestant Orientation Evangel …   Wikipedia

  • Roman Catholic Church and colonialism — During the Age of Discovery, the Roman Catholic Church inaugurated a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the Native Americans and other indigenous people. The missionary effort was a major part of, and a partial… …   Wikipedia

  • Simple church — see also House church .Simple church is a re definition of church as a Christ centered community established primarily on relationship both to God and to the other members of the group. The term simple is used to denote the movement of many… …   Wikipedia

  • Faith mission — is a term used most frequently among Evangelical Christians to refer to a missionary or missionary agency with an approach to evangelism that requires its missionaries to trust in God to provide the necessary resources and who are not financially …   Wikipedia

  • Indigenous Australians — This article is about the original inhabitants of Australia. For the Australian definition in law, see Australian Aborigines. Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders …   Wikipedia

  • Mission San Luis Rey de Francia — For the novel by Thornton Wilder, see The Bridge of San Luis Rey . Mission San Luis Rey de Francia Today, Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is well maintained. This Mission is architecturally distinctive due to the combination of Spanish… …   Wikipedia

  • Episcopal Church (United States) — For other uses, see Episcopal Church. The Episcopal Church The arms of the Episcopal Church includes both the cross of St. George and a St. Andrew s cross. Primate Katharine Jefferts Schori …   Wikipedia

  • Civilizing mission — Mission civilisatrice (the French for civilisatory mission ; in Portuguese: Missão civilizadora) is a rationale for intervention or colonisation, proposing to contribute to the spread of civilization, mostly amounting to the Westernization of… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”