French Colonial

French Colonial

French Colonial was one of four domestic architectural styles that developed during the colonial period in what would become the United States. The other styles were Colonial Georgian, Dutch Colonial, and Spanish Colonial. French Colonial developed in the settlements of French Louisiana. It is believed to have been primarily influenced by the building styles of French Canada and the Caribbean. [Gamble, Robert "Historic architecture in Alabama: a guide to styles and types, 1810-1930", page 180. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1990. ISBN 0817311343.] It had its beginnings in 1699 with the establishment of French Louisiana but continued to be built after Spain assumed control of the colonial territory in 1763. Styles of building that evolved during the French colonial period include the Creole cottage, Creole townhouse, and French Creole plantation house. [cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/louisiana/architecture.htm |title=French Creole Architecture |accessdate=2008-08-02 |work=Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation |publisher=National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places ]

Characteristics

Most buildings constructed during the French colonial period utilized a heavy timber frame (poteaux-sur-solle) combined with an infill of lime mortar or clay mixed with small stones (pierrotage) or a mixture of mud, moss and animal hair (bousillage). Many times this infill would later be replaced with brick. Another building method was poteaux-en-terre, or "posts in the ground". General characteristics of a French Colonial dwelling include a raised basement which would support the floor of the home's primary living quarters. Exterior stairs were another common element, the stairs would often climb up to a distinctive, full-length porch, on a home's front facade. The porch roof was normally part of the overall roof. French Colonial roofs were either steep hipped roofs with a dormer or dormers or a side gabled roof. Porches were often accessed via French doors and French Colonial homes in the American South commonly had stuccoed exterior walls.Bigolin, Steve. [http://www.daily-chronicle.com/articles/2005/02/28/neighbors/neighbors01.txt The Landmarks of Barb City-Part 43B] , "Daily Chronicle", 28 February 2005. Retrieved 15 February 2007.]

Examples of French Colonial architecture


Ursuline Convent in New Orleans, Louisiana, built c.1752. It is the oldest surviving building from the French colonial period in New Orleans. It is an example of stuccoed brick construction.
poteaux-sur-solle construction.
Lorriens_Plantation_in_New_Orleans,_built_c._1784Image:Destrehan_Manor_House_20070706.jpg|Destrehan Plantation near Destrehan, St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, built c.1787, portions were altered in 1840 to reflect the Greek Revival style.
Madame John's Legacy in New Orleans, built c.1788
Ste. Geneviève, Missouri, built 1778. It is an example of poteaux-en-terre construction.
Maison Bolduc, in Ste. Geneviève, Missouri, built c.1785

References


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