Jacob V. Brower

Jacob Vandenberg Brower (1844-1905) was a prolific writer of the Upper Midwest region of the United States who championed the location and protection of the utmost headwaters of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.

He was born in Michigan and moved to Minnesota. In 1862 he served with Henry Hastings Sibley during wars against the Sioux in Minnesota. [ [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/uvwxyz/vandenberg_jacob.html Minnesota State University Biography] ]

After the war he was County Auditor and County Attorney for Todd County, Minnesota. The City of Browerville, Minnesota,which he originally plotted, is named in his honor.

Lake Itasca

In 1888 acting as surveyor he visited Lake Itasca to settle a dispute over the source of the Mississippi River.

The issue was whether Nicollet Creek at the southern tip of the Lake Itasca and flows into the lake was the official start of the Mississippi. Brower followed the stream through swamps, ponds to Lake Hernando de Soto. Brower spent five months on Lake Itasca and eventually ruled that since the Nicollet Creek was intermittent stream it did not qualify as the source. [ [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0813116937&id=9K9iyGyeVNwC&pg=RA4-PA43&lpg=RA4-PA43&dq=%22Jacob+V.+Brower%22&sig=RDS9cF-djBmjz8HgmOs-NKuPia0#PRA4-PA44,M1 Ohio River By John Ed Pearce, p44] 1989 - ISBN 0813116937]

Brower was to lead a campaign to stop logging around Lake Itasca by companies owned by Friedrich Weyerhäuser. On April 20, 1891 the state legislature by a margin of one approved the plans for a state park. [ [http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/itasca/narrative.html Minnesota DNR Park Info] ]

The official visitor center for the park is now called the Jacob V. Brower Visitor Center and Brower is often referred to as the "Father of Lake Itasca."

Brower's Spring

In the late 1800s he questioned the conventional wisdom that Meriwether Lewis had discovered the true source of the Missouri River on August 12, 1805, above Lemhi Pass on the Continental Divide at the source of Trail Creek.

Studying maps, he said the source should be 100 miles further away at the source of Hell Roaring Creek at about 8,800 feet on Mount Jefferson in the Centennial Mountains on the Montana side of the Continental Divide.

Once again there were streams higher and further on the mountain but they were also intermittent. In 1888 he visited the site of Brower's Spring and left a metal tablet with his name and date. In 1896 he published his findings "The Missouri: It's Utmost Source." [ [http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/2005/MissouriSource.htm The True Utmost Reaches of the Missouri - Montana Outdoors - July-August 2005] ]

Both sources ultimately drained into the Jefferson River which combines with the Madison River to form the Missouri at Missouri Headwaters State Park.

References

External links

* [http://www.fromsitetostory.org/nhr/nhrintro.asp Brower's Map of Lake Itasca]