Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria

Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (4 December, 1808 – 15 November, 1888) was a member of a junior branch of the House of Wittelsbach and a promoter of Bavarian folk-music. He is most famous today as the father of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.

Early life

Maximilian Joseph was born at Bamberg, the only son of Duke Pius August in Bavaria (1786–1837) and of his wife, Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg. In 1834 he purchased Possenhofen Castle on Lake Starnberg; this was his major residence for the rest of his life.

On September 9, 1828, at Tegernsee, Maximilian Joseph married Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. They had ten children.

Middle East trip

In 1838 Maximilian Joseph travelled to Egypt and Palestine. [Gabriele and Jochen Hallof, "Dendur: The Six-Hundred-Forty-Third Stone", "Metropolitan Museum Journal" 33 (1998): 103-108] He published an account of this trip: "Wanderung nach dem Orient im Jahre 1838" (München: Georg Franz, 1839; reprinted Pfaffenhofen: Ludwig, 1978). While climbing the Great Pyramid he arranged for his servants to yodel as if he were climbing in the Alps. He collected a number of antiquities which he brought back to Bavaria and displayed in his father's home, Banz Abbey; they can still be seen there today. Among the items are the mummy of a young woman, three mummies' heads, several animal mummies, shawabtis, and several stones from tombs or temples including one from the Temple of Dendur. He also bought some children in the Cairo slave market and later freed them. When Maximilian Joseph was in Jerusalem, he paid for the restoration of the Chapel of the Flagellation on the Via Dolorosa.

Folk-music

Maximilian Joseph was one of the most prominent promoters of Bavarian folk-music in the 19th century. Under his influence the zither started to be used in court circles and eventually became identified as the national musical instrument of Bavaria. Because of his interest he received the nickname "Zither-Maxl". He himself played the zither and also composed music for it.

During a visit by his cousin Ludwig II of Bavaria, Ludwig saw some sheet music on Maximilian Joseph's piano by the composer Richard Wagner, which led on to Ludwig's financial support for Wagner from 1863.

Maximilian Joseph's musical compostions have been collected in the work: "Die im Druck erschienenen Kompositionen von Herzog Maximilian in Bayern: Ländler, Walzer, Polka, Schottisch, Mazurka, Quadrillen und Märsche für Pianoforte, Zither, Gitarre oder Streichinstrumente" (München: Musikverlag Emil Katzbichler, 1992).

Maximilian Joseph died in Munich. He and his wife are buried in the family crypt in Schloss Tegernsee.

Children

Notes

Bibliography

* Dreyer, Aloys. "Herzog Maximilian in Bayern, der erlauchte Freund und Förderer des Zitherspiels und der Gebirgspoesie". München: Lindauer, 1909.

External links

* [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wittel/wittel6.html#Sis A listing of descedants of the House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]