Tonic (physiology)

Tonic (physiology)

Tonic in physiology refers to a muscle which is predominantly toned. The opposite of tonic is phasic.

Human tonic muscles

It can specifically refer to a muscle which is composed mainly of slow muscle fibers. As these types of muscles (trapezius, calves, jaw) tend to be toned, they tend to shorten and be relatively inflexible and therefore tend to be short in humans. [ [http://www.chekinstitute.com/articles.cfm?select=73 "Back to the Basics for the New Year"] , by Paul Chek]

Typical tonic muscles include muscles which are used to protect and prepare the body under fight or flight situations, a reaction to the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol and other innate autonomic nervous system reactions [ [http://www.fascialrelease.com/posture_papers.htm "Posture: Alternatives to The Prevailing Paradigm, Part One. Traditional Approaches to Postural And Musculoskeletal Dysfunction"] by Steven Goldstein.] .

ee also

*Phasic
*Tonic-clonic seizure

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Tonic — may refer to: *Tonic (music), a concept of musical theory *Tonic (band), an American post grunge rock band *Tonic (music club), a New York City music venue, 1998 2007 * Tonic (album), a 2000 album by Medeski Martin Wood *Tonic (physiology), a… …   Wikipedia

  • tonic — /ˈtɒnɪk / (say tonik) noun 1. a medicine that invigorates or strengthens. 2. anything invigorating physically, mentally, or morally. 3. anyone who lifts the spirits. 4. Music the first degree of the scale; the keynote. 5. Colloquial tonic water:… …  

  • tonic — noun 1》 a medicinal substance taken to give a feeling of vigour or well being. 2》 something with an invigorating effect. 3》 (also tonic water) a carbonated soft drink with a bitter flavour, used as a mixer with gin or other spirits. 4》 Music the… …   English new terms dictionary

  • Gastrointestinal physiology — is a branch of human physiology addressing the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The major processes occurring in the GI system are that of motility, secretion, regulation, digestion and circulation. The function and… …   Wikipedia

  • hypertonic — hy per*ton ic, n. [Pref. hyper + tonic.] (Physiology, Biochemistry) Having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution; of an aqueous solution. Increasing the concentration of dissolved solids increases the osmotic pressure, and thus the …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Apparent death — Playing possum redirects here. For the 1975 album by Carly Simon, see Playing Possum. Apparent death, colloquially known as playing dead or playing possum, is an antipredator behavior observed in a wide range of animals in which they take on the… …   Wikipedia

  • mechanoreception — See mechanoreceptor. * * * Ability to detect and respond to mechanical stimuli in one s environment. A slight deformation of a mechanoreceptive neuron causes an electric charge at its surface, activating a response. Mechanoreceptors in pain spots …   Universalium

  • Ciliary ganglion — Nerve: Ciliary ganglion Detailed view of nerves of lateral orbit showing the ciliary ganglion immediately behind the globe of the eye …   Wikipedia

  • digestive system, human — Introduction  the system used in the human body for the process of digestion. The human digestive system consists primarily of the digestive tract (alimentary canal), or the series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass… …   Universalium

  • Oxygen toxicity — Classification and external resources In 1942–43 the UK Government carried out extensive testing for oxygen toxicity in divers. The chamber is pressurised with air to 3.7  …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”