Liberalism in Portugal

This article gives an overview of liberalism in Portugal. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Background

Liberalism was a strong force in nineteenth century Portugal. Since then, several parties have been heirs, in a way or another, from the liberal ideology.

History

From Democratic Group to New Progressive Party

*1826: Supporters of the liberal revolution of 1820 established the Democratic Group ("Grupo Democrata")
*1840: The party is reorganised into the Progress Party ("Partido do Progresso"), founded by João de Saldanha
*1849: The party merged into the conservative Renewal party ("Partido Regenerador")
*1851: This faction left the party and founds the Party of Historical Progressives ("Partido dos Progressistas Históricos")
*1862: The party split into the Reformist Party and the Historical Party ("Partido Histórico")
*1876: Both parties reunited into the New Progressive Party ("Novo Partido Progressista"), which develops into a conservative party
*1910: The party disappeared

Reformist Party

*1862: The ⇒ Party of Historical Progressives split into the Reformist Party (Partido Reformista) of Sá da Bandeira and the ⇒Historical Party
*1876: Both parties reunited into the ⇒ New Progressive Party

Portuguese Republican Party

*1872: Revolutionary and radical liberals established the Portuguese Republican Party ("Partido Republicano Português")
*1891: The party is banned
*1906: The party is reestablished
*1910: The radicalized party staged a revolution and its leader Joaquim Teófilo Braga became prime minister
*1911: The ⇒ Republican National Union seceded
*1920: The ⇒ National Reconstituted Republican Party seceded, leaving the Portuguese Republican Party as an intransigent radical, even jacobine party, which is banned in 1926

From Republican National Union to Radical Party

*1911: Liberal and moderate factions of the Portuguese Republican Party (Partido Republicano Português) formed the Republican National Union (União Nacional Republicano)
*1912: This party split and liberals established the Evolutionist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Evolucionista), lead by António José de Almeida. The conservative wing continued as the "Republican Union"
*1919: A faction joined the conservative "Republican Liberal Party" and the liberals formed the Popular Portuguese Party (Partido Português Popular)
*1922: The party is renamed Radical Party (Partido Radical)

From National Reconstituted Republican Party to Republican Action

*1920: Liberal elements from the ⇒ Portuguese Republican Party formed the National Reconstituted Republican Party ("Partido Republicano Reconstituente Nacional")
*1923: The party merged into the conservative Nacionalist Republican Party ("Partido Republicano Nacionalista"), but later that year it is refounded as the Republican Action ("Acção Republicana")
*1926: The party is banned

ocial Democratic Party

The Social Democratic Party was a full right member of International Liberal, until 1996.

Democratic Renewal Party

*1985: Supporters of president António Ramalho Eanes established the Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal) ("Partido Renovador Democrático") as a centrist alternative.
*1991: The party is dissolved

Liberal Social Movement

*2005: The political organization is legalized, with the name in Portuguese, [http://www.liberal-social.org/ MLS - Movimento Liberal Social] . The actual President is Miguel Duarte.

ee also

* Liberal Revolution of 1820
* History of Portugal
* Politics of Portugal
* List of political parties in Portugal