East Omaha, Nebraska

East Omaha is a geographically designated community located in Omaha, Nebraska. Located three miles (5 km) from downtown Omaha, East Omaha is the site of Eppley Airfield, Omaha’s main airport, and Carter Lake. This area was Omaha's first annexation, joining the city in 1854. [(n.d.) [http://www2.ops.org/OOE/annexation.htm Annexation and Growth.] ]

Boundaries

East Omaha is roughly bounded by the Missouri River on the east, the Carter Lake and Carter Lake, Iowa on the south, and North Omaha to the west and north. There is one cliff that is the finite western boundaries of East Omaha, extending from Jaynes Street north to Reed Street. Bordering neighborhoods include Miller Park, Saratoga and Kountze Place.

Due to the ever changing nature of the Omaha metro area, recognition of the boundaries of East Omaha has fluctuated through the years. Early reports about East Omaha identified it closely with the Union Pacific Railroad yards just north of downtown. The boundary moved north over the years, and today is loosely fixed along Florence Boulevard to the west, the Missouri River to the east, the Omaha Public Power District Plant to the north, and Carter Lake, Iowa to the south. Even these boundaries are in flux. The Omaha Chamber of Commerce has taken to referring to any area east of 72nd street as "east Omaha". [(2006) [http://www.omahachamber.org/news/Broadcast.asp?NewsletterID=48 "Let Your Voice Be Heard: Legislative Forum: East Omaha Senators"] Omaha Chamber of Commerce.]

History

In 1853, Edmond Jefferies filed a claim on 30 acres of land in what was known as East Omaha. [(n.d.) [http://www.cityofcarterlake.com/history.html City of Carter Lake, Iowa History] ] This area was Omaha's first annexation, joining the city in 1854. [(n.d.) [http://www2.ops.org/OOE/annexation.htm Annexation and Growth.] ]

The CB&Q railroad’s East Omaha Land Company was first formed in 1887 to develop land for homes and industrial uses. The Company spent a total of $300,000 clear low-lying land of willows and to grade streets before lots were offered for sale. [(n.d.) [http://www.omahahistory.org/Education_Timeline6.htm Omaha Timeline 1880-1889] City of Omaha Public Library.] The company initially owned convert|1000|acre|km2, rapidly increasing through further acquisition. In 1903 the East Omaha Land Company advertised East Omaha as "the manufacturing center of Omaha."

Before the creation of Carter Lake, Iowa, the East Omaha community wrapped around a meander on the west bank of the Missouri River. In 1877, flooding caused the river to jump its banks and shortened the main stream. The meander became an oxbow lake, and residents on both sides of the river now found themselves on the right bank, attached to Nebraska. The area was home to "East Omaha Island", the "Florence Lake", and a number of icehouses on Carter Lake, which was then called Cut-Off Lake. [1890. " [http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/birds_of_nebraska/articles.php?id=DJ.00735 The Rise and Fall of Cut-Off Lake] " from the "Omaha Bee".]

East Omaha once included all of Carter Lake, Iowa. Due to a flood that occurred in March 1877, the course of the Missouri River was redirected 1.25mi (2km) to the southeast. The remnants of the old river course became an oxbow-shaped lake, for which the Iowa town is named.

After the river jumped its banks, a lengthy court case ensued. The Supreme Court of the United States held that the sudden change in the river's course did not change the original boundary. They ruled that the community to become known as Carter Lake was still part of Iowa. ("Nebraska v. Iowa", 143 U.S. 359 (1892)). The Court delayed a final decree to allow Nebraska and Iowa to reach an agreement consistent with its holding, which they did. (145 U.S. 519 (1892)). Now, all roads into Carter Lake run through East Omaha and downtown Omaha.

The largest single real estate deal in Nebraska up to 1890 is said to have occurred there. That year an unknown property in East Omaha was sold to the Omaha Bridge and Terminal company, a subsidiary of the Illinois Central, for nearly $700,000. [ [http://www.historicomaha.com/chap14.htm Romance of Omaha, Chapter XIV ] ] The south end of East Omaha was home to the Union Pacific Rail Yards, with one former hobo reporting that he tricked a railroad cop, also called "railroad dicks", [(n.d.) [http://www.hobonickels.org/alpert04.htm#D Dictionary of Old Hobo Slang] ] with his clothing,

:"“I even talked to a known bad dick in the yards in East Omaha, and he treated me like a brother while at the same time he was looking around for a hobo to arrest for trespassing on railroad property. I thought to myself, Good old clothes, a little deception is a wonderful thing." [Fox, C. (1989) "Tales of an American Hobo". Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, p. 118.]

East Omaha, east of Carter Lake, was the preferred site for the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition of 1897. [(1989) [http://www.omaha.lib.ne.us/transmiss/secretary/locating.html "Locating the Exposition"] Omaha Public Library.] The area considered was between Carter Lake on the south and Florence Lake on the north, which is now where Beechwood Trailer Courts are now located. Florence Lake Hotel was once on this site. [ [http://www.rootsweb.com/~neresour/NSHS/1890Gaz/ombusgazs.htm 1890 U.P.R.R. Gazatteer] ] A period newspaper account reported that,

:"It has about convert|1000|acre|km2 available... offers level ground... is dotted with trees... plentiful water supply. It is less than convert|3|mi|km form the Downtown Post Office. A paved street (16th) already extends almost to the site and a new bridge across the Missouri River makes accessible from Iowa. [(2006) [http://www.civilwarmuseumnc.org/TMbuilding.html Construction of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition 1897-1898] .] "

However, the East Omaha site ended up losing out to a site in North Omaha.

At the turn of the century the area was home to numerous businesses important to Omaha's growth, with early examples including a hominy mill and a plaster mill. [(1890). "Nebraska State Gazetteer, Business Directory and Farmers List for 1890-91". J.M. Wolfe & Co.] The Carter White Lead Company built a large scale plant in East Omaha. [(1890) " [http://www.rootsweb.com/~neresour/NSHS/1890Gaz/ombusdir.htm Nebraska State Gazetteer Business Directory & Farmer's List] "]

On its north edge, East Omaha was home to the Beechwood community. In 1948 the Beechwood School District joined Omaha Public Schools, [ [http://www.ops.org/elementary/sherman/HOME/tabid/36/Default.aspx Sherman Elementary School] official homepage. Retrieved 12/28/07.] almost completely eliminating all traces of the Beechwood community. However, the community is still noted on maps. [ [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=41.326585,-95.94238&spn=0.006268,0.014591&z=16&om=1&msa=0&msid=112097409455076387784.00000113861d48eb29a89 Beechwood, Nebraska] . Google Maps. Retrieved 7/1/07]

History timeline

* Early 1800s - Omaha nation occupies area
*1853 - First European-American claim placed on East Omaha
*1854 - East Omaha annexed by the City of Omaha
*1877 - Flood creates the oxbow lake to become known as Carter Lake
*1880s - East Omaha cleared and house lots offered for sale
*1887 - Sherman School founded
*1890 - Most expensive Nebraska land deal to date occurs in East Omaha
*1896 - Omaha loses Carter Lake-area to Iowa in U.S. Supreme Court case
*1897 - East Omaha considered for Trans-Mississippi Exhibition
*1913 - Easter Sunday tornado obliterates East Omaha
*1920s - Carter Lake secedes from Council Bluffs and wants to re-join East Omaha; Omaha denies the offer
*1930 - Carter Lake, Iowa incorporated
*1947 - Floods destroy many homes in area
*1948 - Beechwood School District merges with Omaha Public Schools.

Economy

East Omaha is home to Omaha's main airport, Eppley Airfield. It is also a major industrial manufacturing and warehousing area, with the Lozier Corporation located at 6336 John J. Pershing Drive [ [http://www.lozier.com/ Lozier Corporation] . Retrieved 8/22/07.] and several shipping companies in the area. The Omaha Public Power District North Omaha plant is also in the area.

Education

Schools have long played an important role in East Omaha's identity, with the most important being Sherman Elementary School, which is part of Omaha Public Schools. Sherman's history extends back to 1887. At its largest the school had almost 600 students in grades kindergarten through eight. Other important schools in the area included Beechwood Elementary School, part of the now-defunct Beechwood School District, and Pershing Elementary School, once located at East 26th & Adams Street. [(n.d.) [http://www2.ops.org/SHERMAN/historydetail.htm Sherman History] Sherman Elementary School.] The community was also home to Saint Therese School located at N. 16th& Ogden. [(n.d.) [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nedougla/html/schools.htm Douglas County Schools] ]

Environment

A recent report named East Omaha "one of the most dangerous toxic waste sites in the nation" after the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) showed that more than 2,600 children in the area have lead poisoning. [Eilperin, J. (2004) [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A11246-2004Nov24?language=printer Lack of Funding Slows Cleanup Of Hundreds of Superfund Sites] . "Washington Post" Thursday, November 25, 2004; Page A01] In early 2003, a large section of East Omaha was declared a Superfund site after thousands of yards tested positive for high levels of lead contamination resulting from a nearby lead smeltering plant that operated for more than a century. [ Hein, J (2006) " [http://leeterry.house.gov/Article_Details.aspx?NewsID=1341 House Passes Terry’s Bipartisan Amendment to Help Protect Children from Lead Poisoning] " Office of Congressman Terry Lee.]

Geographic details

East Omaha sits on a flood plain west of the Missouri River. The area is the location of Carter Lake, an oxbow lake. The lake was once the site of East Omaha Island. In the crux of Carter Drive is an unnamed sulpher spring, and located south of there is Hardwood Creek. East Omaha was once the location of Florence Lake, which dried up at some point in the 1920s.

Locations of interest

East Omaha is the site of several important facilities for the entire City of Omaha as well as the local community. The Sherman Community Center has been home to recreational activities and meeting space for East Omaha for more than 20 years. [ [http://www.ci.omaha.ne.us/parks/Community%20Centers/Sherman/sherman.htm City of Omaha Parks & Recreation ] ] Levi Carter Lake Parkhas been offering recreational opportunities to Omaha for more than 100 years.

The Open Door Mission has been an Omaha institution since the 1950s. It relocated to 2706 North 21st Street East in 1986. [ [http://www.opendoormission.org/?menu=who_we_are/history Open Door Mission - Omaha's Rescue Mission - Breaking The Cycle Of Homelessness and Poverty for over 50 Years ] ] The USS Hazard is a former US warship permanently berthed at the Omaha Marina in East Omaha. She is maintained as a World War II museum and memorial. The Omaha Correctional Center, or OCC, is a medium/minimum security facility located on a 37 acre site in East Omaha, just south of Eppley Airfield. [ttp://www.corrections.state.ne.us/institutions/occ.html] Eppley Airfield serves as Omaha's primary airport, providing service throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico.

Racism

When a local school was racially integrated in the 1970s, some students and adults expressed their desire to maintain segregation, and regularly harassed students of color with racial epithets.fact|date=March 2007

A recent racial "hate crime" was the firebombing of "Bob's Grocery" store at 16th and Fort Streets has reignited concerns about potential racist elements. The store owner was Ethiopian, and a racist epithet was spray-painted on the building. [Burbach, C. "Robbery, fire evoke memories of neighborhood's racist past," "Omaha World Herald." February 26, 2007.] Bound and gagged, the store owner escaped uninjured; the building exploded and burnt to the ground. Police are investigating. [2.19.07 [http://www.ketv.com/news/11052158/detail.html Neighbor: Store's owner has been target before.] KETV.com]

Recreation

In the late 1800s the East Omaha Lake (also called Cut-Off Lake and Lake Nakoma) was renamed after the founder of the Carter Lead Co., and is still called Carter Lake. The surrounding park was home to sailing events, Bungalow City, the Omaha Gun Club, and a YMCA Camp as late as the 1930s. [(n.d.) [http://www.ci.omaha.ne.us/parks/parks/levicarterpark.htm Carter Lake Park] City of Omaha Parks, Recreation, and Arts Department.] In 1896 the United States Supreme Court ruled that Carter Lake, which was originally an arm of the Missouri River, belonged to the State of Iowa. [(n.d.) [http://www.omahahistory.org/Education_Timeline6.htm Omaha Timeline 1880-1889] Douglas County Historical Society]

In 1979, the Omaha chapter of the Antique Motorcycle Club of America held its first motorcycle show and swap meet at the Four "T" Service shop in East Omaha. [ [http://www.omahachapteramca.org Omaha Chapter of The Antique Motorcycle Club of America Web Site ] ]

Residences

East Omaha was an early Omaha suburb dating from the late 1800s. It was founded by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad's East Omaha Land Company, which spent a total of $300,000 to clear the low-lying land of willows and grade streets before lots were offered for sale. [(n.d.) [http://www.omahahistory.org/Education_Timeline6.htm Omaha Timeline 1880-1889] Douglas County Historical Society] The Ames family of Boston, Massachusetts were early investors responsible for platting the area [ [http://www.stonehill.edu/sihc/Pictures/EastOmaha/Overallplan1928.jpg1928 Plat Map of East Omaha] Stonehill Industrial History Center at Stonehill College] and dealing with the ever-changing Missouri River. [ [http://www.stonehill.edu/sihc/Pictures/eastomaha.htm East Omaha Land] Stonehill Industrial History Center at Stonehill College] However, one 1937 plat map entirely dismisses the residential and commercial district of East Omaha, instead focusing on the then-underdeveloped area surrounding Eppley Airfield. [(1937) [http://www.memoriallibrary.com/NE/Douglas/1937/eastomaha.htm East Omaha Plat Map] ]

Through the 1920s, East Omaha neighbors in the area around Carter Lake belonging to Iowa lacked the basic city services enjoyed by their fellow residents of Council Bluffs who lived east of the Missouri. Ironically, they were still subject to same city taxes. The community successfully seceded from Council Bluffs in the 1920s, intending to become part of Omaha. The Nebraska city didn't want to pay to extend sewers or water lines either. In 1930 Carter Lake was incorporated as its own municipality, still within the boundaries of the State of Iowa.

Weather

In 1877, Carter Lake was formed by a massive flood which altered the course of the Missouri River.

East Omaha was severely damaged by the Easter Sunday tornado of 1913, which destroyed many businesses and neighborhoods. When the tornado crossed 16th Avenue, the path extended from Binney Street on the south to Emmet Street on the north. The tornado devastated the Missouri Pacific roundhouse and went across Carter Lake and the East Omaha bottoms. When it crossed the lake the twister "sucked the water high into the air, a real water spout. The cottages along the lake were mostly destroyed, the Illinois Central trestle obliterated and scores of store buildings wrecked. At this point the width of the path is said to have been nearly half a mile wide." [(n.d.) [http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/preservation/nature/flood/chpt22.htm "Story of the Great Plains Flood and Cyclone Disaster] ] [Sing, T (2003) "Omaha's Easter Tornado of 1913". Arcadia Publishing.]

As many as 1,000 people were displaced by a flood in 1943, which sent the Missouri River, Carter Lake, and the old Florence Lake into peoples' homes and businesses throughout East Omaha. One report states,

:"At Omaha, the river crested at convert|22.45|ft|m and had a discharge of 200,000 cubic feet/second (89,760,000 gallons/minute). 3000 men helped fight the flood, but after a week, the River found a weak spot in the temporary dike and the battle was lost. 100 homes were flooded when the floodwater also breached a new dike at Locust Street. The industrial section on Grace Street was flooded, and businesses were closed several days. 1000 people were evacuated from Carter Lake and East Omaha as the old Lake Florence bed filled and inundated the airport with seven feet of water in 18 hours. One person was killed in Omaha and the damage estimate there was $1.4 million. [Neuman, R. (2003) [http://www.dnr.ne.gov/floodplain/mitigation/mofloods.html Historic Floods on the Missouri River: Fighting the Big Muddy in Nebraska] Nebraska Department of Natural Resources.] "

The flood of April 13, 1952 led to 40,000 people being evacuated from East Omaha and Carter Lake. President Harry S. Truman personally visited the scene of the flooding in Omaha and officially declared it a disaster area. [NDNR para 6.]

ee also

*Timeline of Racial Tension in Omaha, Nebraska

References

External links

*Anonymous (1890) [http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/birds_of_nebraska/articles.php?id=DJ.00735 Rise and Fall of Cut-off] . Omaha Sunday Bee 19(342): 9. - An editorial remorsing the transformation of now-Carter Lake.
* [http://libtextcenter.unl.edu/birds_of_nebraska/search/search.php?keyword=%22east+omaha%22 Birds of Nebraska] - Includes several stories about birding and nature in East Omaha.
* [http://www.epa.gov/superfund/accomp/funded/omaha.htm Omaha Lead] - EPA's Superfund information webpage about East Omaha.