Elizabeth Craven

Infobox Writer
name = Elizabeth Craven


caption = Elizabeth, Baroness Craven, Later Margravine of Anspach, 1778, by George Romney
birthdate = 17 December 1750
birthplace = England, UK
deathdate = 13 January 1828
deathplace = Posilipo, Italy
occupation = Writer, Socialite
nationality = British
period = 1778-1826
subject = Travel writing, drama, memoirs
movement =
notableworks =
influences =
influenced =

Elizabeth Craven ("née" Lady Elizabeth Berkeley) (17 December 1750 - 13 January 1828), Princess Berkeley (though "styled" Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach), and previously Lady Craven of Hamstead Marshall, was an author, playwright, traveller, and socialite, perhaps best known for her travelogues. She was the third child of the 4th Earl of Berkeley, born near Trafalgar Square in the English city of Westminster

Works

Early in her literary career she wrote a number of light farces, pantomimes, and fables, many of which were performed in London to no great acclaim. She knew Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, and became a close friend of Horace Walpole, who published her early works which, with later efforts, include:

* "The Sleep-Walker" (trans. of Pont de Vile's comedy "La somnambule", 1778)
* "Modern Anecdotes of the Ancient Family of the Kinkvervankotsdarsprakengotchderns" (satire, 1779)
* "The Miniature Picture" (play, 1781)
* "A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople" (travel writing, 1789)
* " [http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/plays/craven_georgian/index.html The Georgian Princess] " (produced 1798; published 1799). Ed. with an [http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/essays/franceschina_georgian_intr.html introduction] by John Franceschina. British Women Playwrights around 1800. 15 January 2001.
* "Letters from the Right Honorable Lady Craven, to his serene highness the margrave of Anspach, during her travels through France, Germany, and Russia in 1785 and 1786" (travel writing, 1814)
* "Memoirs" (1826)

Personal life

Her life was full of scandal: after thirteen years of marriage, six children, and affairs reported on both sides, she and her first husband, William Craven, 6th Baron Craven, (married since 30 May 1767), parted permanently in 1780. [cite book |last= Huberty |first= Michel |coauthors= Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine |title= L'Allemagne Dynastique Tome V Hohenzollern-Waldeck |year= 1988 |location= France |language= French |id= ISBN 2-901138-05-5 |pages= page 148|] Thereafter she lived in France and travelled extensively on the Continent.

For a number of years she was in a relationship with Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Bayreuth. His wife since 1754, Princess Friederike of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, died in Germany on 18 February 1791, and Lady Craven's husband died in Lausanne on 26 September 1791. The couple married in Lisbon on 30 October 1791. They settled in England and while the Margravine was snubbed by ladies mindful of their reputations, as well as by her latest husband's cousin, George III himself, the couple lived a busy and opulent life in Hammersmith, London and Benham Park at Speen in Berkshire.

Nonetheless, Elizabeth was never legally entitled to share her husband's German rank and title: On 20 February 1801, she was granted the morganatic title of "Princess "(Fürstin)" Berkeley" by the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. [cite book |last= Huberty |first= Michel |coauthors= Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine |title= L'Allemagne Dynastique Tome V Hohenzollern-Waldeck |year= 1988 |location= France |language= French |id= ISBN 2-901138-05-5 |pages= pages 135, 183|] In fact, Christian Frederick, being the last of his cadet branch of the House of Hohenzollern, and childless, had exchanged his hereditary birthright to the appanages of Ansbach and Bayreuth for an annuity of 300,000 guilders from his "pater familias", King Frederick William II of Prussia, a month after his second marriage. [cite book |last= Huberty |first= Michel |coauthors= Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine |title= L'Allemagne Dynastique Tome V Hohenzollern-Waldeck |year= 1988 |location= France |language= French |id= ISBN 2-901138-05-5 |pages= pages 135, 183|] In England, however, the couple were usually known as the "Margrave and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach".

After the Margrave's death at Benham Park in 1806, his widow moved back to the Continent, to Naples, where she died at Craven Villa on the Pausilippe, and was buried in 1828. Her links with the Hammersmith area are commemorated in the name of two roads in the area - "Margravine Gardens" and "Margravine Road".

Notes

References

*Turner, Katherine. “ [http://www.oxforddnb.com.proxy.hil.unb.ca/view/article/576 Elizabeth , margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Bayreuth (other married name Elizabeth Craven, Lady Craven) (1750–1828)] .” "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed. Ed. Lawrence Goldman. May 2005. 6 Jan. 2007.
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10875.htm#i108747 The Peerage.com]

External links

* [http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/eberkeley.html Royal Berkshire History: Elizabeth Berkeley (1750-1828)]