Lhengye Zhungtshog

Bhutan

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The Lhengye Zhungtshog (Dzongkha: ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་; Wylie: lhan-rgyas gzhung-tshogs; "Council of Ministers") is the highest executive body in Bhutan. It was created in 1999 by Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the fourth King of Bhutan.

History of the Lhengye Zhungtshog

Until 1999, Bhutan's Cabinet consisted of a council of Ministers chaired by King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. In 1999, as a major step toward democratization, the King dissolved the existing cabinet and withdrew from his role in the decision-making in the cabinet. Six new ministers were nominated, placed before the National Assembly, and voted in as new ministers. The term Council of Cabinet Ministers, or "CCM," was thus born. From this group of six ministers, a chairman was selected. The selection was based on the number of "yes" votes received during the National Assembly vote. The role of Chairman rotated among members, each minister enjoying the honour for a period of one year.

On July 26, 1999, the National Assembly enacted the Lhengye Zhungtsho Act on advice of the King.^[1] This represents the first codification of the modern Lhengye Zhungtshog. Under the act, executive power is fully devolved to the new Lhengye Zhungtshog. Initially, the body lacked a Prime Minister, but was headed by a Chair; later, this position was eliminated in favor of the office of Prime Minister. The Lhengye Zhungtshog was also composed differently than in later years: it consisted of elected Ministers, members of the Royal Advisory Council and the Kalyon. Elected Ministers must have been natural born citizens of Bhutan, must not have been married to a foreign national, and must have already held senior government posts at the rank of Secretary to the Royal Government or above.^[1] Candidates were nominated by the King and elected indirectly through the National Assembly.^[1] Under the first incarnation of the Lhengye Zhungtshog, as under the "CCM," Ministers continued to enjoy five-year terms while the Chair rotated among them on a yearly basis.

Modern Lhengye Zhungtshog

Under Article 20 of the Constitution of Bhutan, executive power is vested in the Lhengye Zhungtshog, consisting of the Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The number of Ministers is determined by the number of Ministries required to provide efficient and good governance. Creation of an additional ministry or reduction of any ministry must be approved by Parliament. The Lhengye Zhungtshog must aid and advise the King in the exercise of His functions including international affairs, provided that the King may require the Lhengye Zhungtshog to reconsider such advice. The Prime Minister must keep the King informed from time to time about the affairs of the State, including international affairs, and must submit such information and files as called for by the King.^[2]

The Lhengye Zhungtshog must assess the state of affairs arising from developments in the State and society and from events at home and abroad; define the goals of State action and determine the resources required to achieve them; plan and co-ordinate government policies and ensure their implementation; and represent the Kingdom at home and abroad. The Lhengye Zhungtshog are collectively responsible to the King and to Parliament. The Executive cannot issue any executive order, circular, rule or notification inconsistent with, modifying, varying or superseding the laws of Bhutan.^[2]

Presently, the council has 10 members who are termed as Lyonpos and wear a ceremonial orange scarf. The Prime Minister, who is the head of the government, is rotated among the members in order of the votes cast by all the members of the National Assembly. The present prime minister of Bhutan is Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuck who will be serving for a term of one year.

List of current Ministries

The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for: Council for RNR Research of Bhutan Department of Agriculture Department of Forest Department of Livestock Department of Survey and Land Records Druk Seed Corporation Food Corporation of Bhutan Forestry Development Corporation Limited National Biodiversity Center Minister of Agriculture: Lyonpo Dr. Pema Jamtsho The Ministry of Economic Affairs is responsible for: Department of Energy Department of Geology and Mines Department of Industry Department of Tourism Department of Trade Minister of Economic Affairs: Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk The Ministry of Education is responsible for: Department of Adult and Higher Education Department of School Education Department of Youth, Culture and Sports Dzongkha Development Commission Education Minister: Lyonpo T S Powdyel The Ministry of Finance is responsible for: Department of Aid and Debt Management Department of National Budget Department of National Properties Department of Public Accounts Department of Revenue and Customs Directorate of Lottery Finance Minister: Lyonpo Wangdi Norbu Previous ministers: Lyonpo Wangdi Norbu The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for: Department of Bilateral Affairs Department of Multilateral Affairs Department of Protocol Foreign Minister: Lyonpo Ugyen Tshering The Ministry of Health is responsible for: Department of Public Health Department of Public Services Health Minister of Bhutan: Lyonpo Zangley Drukpa

The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs is responsible for: Bureau of Law and Order Department of Civil Registration and Census Department of Culture and Heritage Department of Immigration Department of Local Governance Office of the Census Commissioner Minister Home and Cultural Affairs: Lyonpo Minjur Dorji Previous ministers: Lyonpo Tamji Jagar (1968 – 1985) HRH Namgyal Wangchuk (1985 – 1991) Lyonpo Dago Tshering (1991 – June 1998) Lyonpo Thinley Gyamtsho (July 1998–August 2003) Lyonpo Jigmi Y. Thinley (August 2003 – July 2007) The Ministry of Information and Communications is responsible for: Bhutan Infocomm and Media Authority Department of Civil Aviation Department of Information and Media Department of Information Technology Road Safety and Transport Authority Bhutan Broadcasting Service Bhutan Post Bhutan Telecom Druk Air Kuensel Corporation Information and Communications Minister: Lyonpo Nandalal Rai The Ministry of Labour and Human Resources is responsible for: Department of Employment Department of Human Resources Department of Labour Department of Occupational Standards Minister of Labour and Human Resources: Lyonpo Dorji Wangdi The Ministry of Works and Human Settlement is responsible for: Department of Roads Department of Urban Development & Engineering Serv Department of Urban Development and Eng. Services Standard and Quality Control Authority Minister of Works and Human Settlement: Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba Previous Ministers: Lyonpo Ugyen Tshering Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji

See also

• List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan
• Politics of Bhutan
• Constitution of Bhutan
• Bhutanese legislation

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Lhengye Zhungtsho Act 1999" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 1999-07-26. http://www.nationalcouncil.bt/images/stories/Lhengye_Zhungtsho_En_99.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-02. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (English)" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2008-07-18. http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-13. 

External links

• The Royal Government of Bhutan
• The 4th King's 2006 address of the Lhengye Zhungtsho - His Majesty's vision of the future of Bhutan
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Ministry of Economic Affairs
• Ministry of Education
• Ministry of Finance
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Ministry of Health
• Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs
• Ministry Information and Communications
• Ministry of Labour and Human Resources
• Ministry of Works and Human Settlement
• Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (English)