Black Poplar

Black Poplar

Taxobox
name = Black Poplar


image_width = 240px
image_caption = Black poplars in Poland
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Malpighiales
familia = Salicaceae
genus = "Populus"
sectio = "Aegiros"
species = "P. nigra"
binomial = "Populus nigra"
binomial_authority = L.

Black poplar ("Populus nigra") is a species of poplar in the cottonwood ("Aegiros") section of the genus "Populus", native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa.Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Populus+&SPECIES_XREF=nigra&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= "Populus nigra"] ]

It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree, reaching 20-30 m (rarely 40 m) tall, with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are diamond-shaped to triangular, 5-8 cm long and 6-8 cm broad, green on both surfaces.Rushforth, K. (1999). "Trees of Britain and Europe". Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.] The species is dioecious (male and female flowers on different plants), with flowers in catkins and pollination by wind.There are three subspecies, some botanists distinguishing a fourth:
*"Populus nigra" subsp. "nigra". Central and eastern Europe. Leaves and shoots glabrous (hairless); bark grey-brown, thick and furrowed.
*"Populus nigra" subsp. "betulifolia" (Pursh) W.Wettst. North-west Europe (France, Great Britain, Ireland). Leaf veins and shoots finely downy; bark grey-brown, thick and furrowed, often with heavy burrs, trunk usually heavily leaning.
*"Populus nigra" subsp. "caudina" (Ten.) Bugała. Mediterranean region, also southwest Asia if var. "afghanica" not distinguished.
*"Populus nigra" var. "afghanica" Aitch. & Hemsl. (syn. "P. nigra" var. "thevestina" (Dode) Bean). Southwest Asia; treated as a cultivar of "P. nigra" by many botanists,Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29405 "Populus nigra" var. "thevestina"] ] and as a distinct species "P. afghanica" by others;Flora of Pakistan: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200005640 "Populus afghanica"] ] bark smooth, nearly white; leaves and shoots as subsp. "caudina" (see also cultivars, below).

The subspecies "betulifolia" is one of the rarest trees in Great Britain and Ireland [Milne-Redhead, E. (1990). The B.S.B.I. Black Poplar survey, 1973-88. "Watsonia" 18: 1-5. Available [http://www.watsonia.org.uk/Wats18p1.pdf online] (pdf file).] [Arkive: [http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Populus_nigra/ "Populus nigra"] ] , with only about 7,000 trees known, of which only about 600 have been confirmed as female [Cooper, Fiona (2006). "The Black Poplar: Ecology, History and Conservation". Windgather Press ISBN 1-905119-05-4] .

Several cultivars have also been selected, these being propagated readily by cuttings:
*'Italica'. The true Lombardy poplar, selected in Lombardy, northern Italy, in the 17th century. The growth is fastigiate, with a very narrow crown. Coming from the Mediterranean region, it is adapted to hot, dry summers and grows poorly in humid conditions, being short-lived due to fungal diseases. It is a male clone.Bean, W. J. (1980). "Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles" Vol. 3. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2427-X]
*"Plantierensis" group. A group of clones derived by crossing 'Italica' with "P. nigra" ssp "betulifolia" at the Plantières Nursery near Metz in France in 1884; they are similar to 'Italica' (and often mistaken for it) but with a slightly broader crown, and better adapted to the cool, humid climate of northwest Europe, where the true Lombardy poplar does not grow well. Both male and female clones are grown. This is the tree most commonly grown in Great Britain and Ireland as "Lombardy poplar".
*'Manchester Poplar'. A cultivar of subsp. "betulifolia" widely planted in northwest England. It is a male clone, and currently seriously threatened by Poplar Scab disease. [Stace, C. A. (1971). The Manchester Poplar. "Watsonia" 8: 391-393.] [Arboricultural Information Exchange: [http://www.aie.org.uk/trunkline/aie_tr_popscab.html Manchester Poplar Disease] ]
*'Gigantea'. Another fastigiate clone, of unknown origin, with a rather broader, more vigorous crown than 'Italica'. It is a female clone.
*'Afghanica' (syn. 'Thevestina'). Most, if not all, specimens of the variety 'Afghanica' are of a single clone, and many botanists therefore treat it as a cultivar rather than a botanical variety. It is fastigiate, similar to 'Italica', but with a striking whitish bark; it also differs from 'Italica' in being a female clone. This is the common fastigiate poplar in southwest Asia and southeast Europe (the Balkans), where it was introduced during the Ottoman Empire period.

References

External links

* citation
author=A. Vanden Broeck
date=2003
title=Black poplar (Populus nigra)
series=EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use
publisher= EUFORGEN's Populus nigra Network and Bioversity International's Regional Office for Europe
url=http://www.bioversityinternational.org/Publications/pubfile.asp?ID_PUB=927


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • black poplar — noun large European poplar • Syn: ↑Populus nigra • Hypernyms: ↑poplar, ↑poplar tree • Hyponyms: ↑Lombardy poplar, ↑Populus nigra italica * * * noun …   Useful english dictionary

  • black poplar — juodoji tuopa statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Gluosninių šeimos dekoratyvinis, medieninis, vaistinis augalas (Populus nigra), paplitęs Afrikoje ir Europoje. atitikmenys: lot. Populus nigra angl. black poplar; Lombardy poplar vok. Pyramiden… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • black poplar — 1. a poplar, Populus nigra, characterized by spreading branches, triangular leaves, and a gray bark. 2. the light, soft wood of this tree, used for making doors, window frames, etc. [1720 30] * * * …   Universalium

  • Canadian black poplar — kanadinė tuopa statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Gluosninių šeimos dekoratyvinis, medieninis kultūrinis augalas (Populus ×canadensis). atitikmenys: lot. Populus × canadensis angl. Canadian black poplar; Canadian poplar; Carolina poplar;… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • poplar — poplared, adj. /pop leuhr/, n. 1. any of the rapidly growing, salicaceous trees of the genus Populus, usually characterized by the columnar or spirelike manner of growth of its branches. 2. the light, soft wood of any of these trees, used for… …   Universalium

  • Poplar Admiral — Taxobox name = Poplar Admiral regnum = Animalia phylum = Arthropoda classis = Insecta ordo = Lepidoptera familia = Nymphalidae subfamilia = Limenitidinae genus = Limenitis species = populi binomial = Limenitis populi binomial authority =… …   Wikipedia

  • poplar tree — noun any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins • Syn: ↑poplar • Hypernyms: ↑angiospermous tree, ↑flowering tree • Hyponyms: ↑balsam poplar, ↑hackmatack …   Useful english dictionary

  • black italian poplar — noun Usage: usually capitalized I : a rapid growing hybrid poplar produced by crossing an Old World black poplar (Populus nigra) with the cottonwood of eastern No. America and widely used in screen plantings, often being treated by the nursery… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Poplar —    Heb. libneh, white , (Gen. 30:37; Hos. 4:13), in all probability the storax tree (Styrax officinalis) or white poplar, distinguished by its white blossoms and pale leaves. It is common in the Anti Libanus. Other species of the poplar are found …   Easton's Bible Dictionary

  • Poplar Bluff — Spitzname: Gateway To The Ozarks …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”