- Jacques Doriot
Jacques Doriot (
September 26 1898 ,Bresles ,Oise —February 22 1945 , near Mengen,Württemberg ) was a French politician prior to and duringWorld War II . He began as a Communist but then turned Fascist.Early life and politics
Doriot moved to Saint Denis, near Paris, at a young age and became a labourer. In 1916, in the midst of
World War I , he became a committed Socialist, but his political activity was halted by his joining theFrench Army in 1917. Participating in active combat duringWorld War I , Doriot was captured by enemy troops and remained aprisoner of war until 1918. For his wartime service, Doriot was awarded theCroix de Guerre .After being released, he returned to
France and in 1920 joined theFrench Communist Party (PCF), quickly rising through the party - within a few years, he had become one of the PCF major leaders. In 1922 he became a member of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of theComintern , and a year later was made Secretary of theFrench Federation of Young Communists . In 1923, Doriot was arrested for violently protesting French occupation of theRuhr Area . He was released a year later, upon being elected to the French Chamber of Deputies (the Third Republic equivalent of the National Assembly) by the people of Saint Denis.Fascism
In 1931, Doriot was elected mayor of Saint Denis. Around this time, he came to advocate a
Popular Front alliance between the Communists and other French socialist parties with whom Doriot sympathized on a number of issues. Although this would soon become official Communist Party policy, at the time it was seen as heretical and Doriot was expelled from the Communist party in 1934. [Alexander 145.]Still a member of the Chamber of Deputies, Doriot struck back at the Communists by becoming a devoted Fascist and forming the
ultra-nationalist "Parti Populaire Français " (PPF) in 1936. Doriot and his supporters were vocal advocates of France becoming organized along the lines of FascistItaly andNazi Germany and bitter opponents of Socialist PremierLéon Blum and his Popular Front coalition.Collaboration
When France went to war with Germany in 1939, Doriot became a staunch pro-German and supported Germany's occupation of northern France in 1940. Doriot resided in
collaboration istVichy France for a time, but he eventually found that it wasn’t nearly as fascist as he had hoped it would be and moved to occupiedParis , where he espoused pro-German and anti-Communist propaganda onRadio Paris . In 1941, he and fellow Fascist collaboratorMarcel Déat founded the "Legion des Volontaires Francais " (LVF), a French unit of theWehrmacht .Doriot fought with the LVF and saw active duty on the Eastern Front when Germany invaded the
Soviet Union in June 1941. When the LVF was all but destroyed, Doriot fought with the Wehrmacht, and was awarded theIron Cross in 1943. In December 1943, Doriot travelled toSigmaringen , Germany, and later became a member of the exile Vichy government there. He was killed on 22 February 1945 while traveling fromMainau to Sigmaringen when his car was strafed by Allied fighters. He was buried in Mengen. ["Doriot, French Pro-Nazi" 4.]Notes
References
*Alexander, Martin and Helen Graham (1989). " The French and Spanish Popular Fronts: Comparative Perspectives". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Allardyce, Gilbert (1966). "The Political Transitions of Jacques Doriot." "Journal of Contemporary History". 1 (1966).
*Arnold, Edward (2000). "The Development of the Radical Right in France: From Boulanger to le Pen". London: Macmillan.
*(1945). "Jacques Doriot, French Pro-Nazi, is Killed by Allied Fliers, Germans Report." "New York Times ". February 24.
*Soucy, Robert (1966). "The Nature of Fascism in France." "Journal of Contemporary History". 1 (1966).External links
* cite news
author=
title=The Great Is Back
date=1942-05-11
work=Time Magazine
url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790459,00.html
accessdate=2008-08-10 Time Magazine, May 11, 1942.
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