De Havilland Australia

Infobox Company
company_name= Hawker de Havilland
company_logo=
company_type= Subsidiary
foundation= 1927
location= Port Melbourne, Victoria
key_people=
industry= Aerospace
products = Airliner and Military aircraft sub-assemblies
revenue = AU$300 million
operating_income =
net_income =
num_employees = 1,300
parent = Boeing Australia
subsid =
homepage = [http://www.boeing.com.au/HdH/index.html www.boeing.com.au]

de Havilland Aircraft Pty. Ltd. or de Havilland Australia (DHA) as it was known, was formerly part of de Havilland, then later a separate company. Eventually, it was purchased by Boeing and is now called Hawker de Havilland Aerospace Pty. Ltd., a subsidiary company of Boeing Australia, Ltd.

=Main Article=

Early Years and WWII

In March 1927 the de Havilland Aircraft Company established DHA in Melbourne, its first overseas subsidiary. DHA was set up to sell examples of de Havilland's product line in Australia, to assemble aircraft that had been sold and to provide repair and spare parts services. In 1930 DHA relocated to Mascot aerodrome in Sydney.In the years prior to World War II DHA did not undertake any production of aircraft (although ironically de Havilland designs were licence-built by other Australian organisations, most notably Qantas [ [http://www.qantas.com.au/info/about/history/details5 Qantas website] retrieved 2007-08-10] , the Larkin Aircraft Supply Company and the Cockatoo Island Naval Dockyard under Lawrence Wackett ["Tiger Moth, CT-4, Wackett & Winjeel in Australian Service" p38.] ). In the late 1930s however DHA began production of propellers both for the local market and for delivery to the parent company. In 1939 DHA took a large further step towards aircraft production when it delivered 20 DH.82 Tiger Moths assembled from imported fuselages and locally-built wings to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). After the outbreak of war, the RAAF selected the Tiger Moth as its primary trainer and in 1940 DHA commenced licenced manufacture at a new facility at Bankstown [ [http://www.boeing.com.au/HdH/History/BirthOfAnIndustry.html Boeing Australia website] retrieved 2007-08-10 Another source says that production remained at Mascot.] ; when production ended in February 1945 over one thousand [Sources disagree on exact numbers: 1035, 1070 or 1085.] had been built. DHA also licence-built 87 DH.84 Dragons from 1942 and 212 DH.98 Mosquitos from 1943 for the RAAF.

In 1942 DHA produced its first indigenous design. In March that year the RAAF issued a specification for a small transport glider. DHA responded with the DHA-G1 a high-wing design incorporating the nose section of the Dragon then being built. The first of two DHA-G1s was flown in June 1942. The RAAF ordered the improved seven-seat DHA-G2 in 1943, these differed from the DHA-G1 in having a larger fuselage and wing. By this time the threat of invasion of Australia by Japan (and thus the rationale for the type) had passed and only six were produced.

Consolidation

Post-war, Mosquito production continued until 1948, by which time work had begun on DHA's third indigenous design, the DHA-3 Drover. On June 29 1949, following selection of the type by the RAAF in 1946, the first of 190 licence-built DH.100 and DH.115 Vampires had its first flight with DHA's chief test pilot Brian "Black Jack" Walker at the controls. Production of the Vampire continued until 1960, the same year the parent company was purchased by Hawker Siddeley. At this time the company also entered the general aviation market when it became the Australian distributor for Beechcraft in 1959 [ [http://www.hawkerpacific.com.au/Fixed_Wing_Frameset-1.htm Hawker Pacific website] retrieved 2007-08-10] . Following the absorption of de Havilland by Hawker Siddeley DHA was renamed Hawker de Havilland (HdH) in 1965.

The end of the Vampire programme marked the beginning of an extended period when no complete aircraft were produced, although there was work for the company in various modification (see DHA-3 Drover) and repair and overhaul programmes, including repairing RAAF DHC-4 Caribous damaged on active service during the Vietnam War and scheduled major servicings of the RAAF Caribou fleet. One design project pursued during this time was for that of a military jet trainer for the RAAF. HdH offered its P17 indigenous design derived from the Vampire and was also involved in the Government Aircraft Factory (GAF) F2 project, which would have seen HdH undertaking production work on this aircraft with GAF and the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC). The CAC-built version of the Aermacchi MB-326 was selected for production in 1965 and neither project proceeded. However all was not lost as CAC subcontracted to HdH the manufacture of the wings and wingtip fuel tanks, tailplanes, ailerons, flaps, hydraulic system components and landing gear for the Macchi, as well as parts of the Macchi's Viper engines built by CAC.

In 1970 HdH entered a new phase [ [http://www.boeing.com.au/HdH/History/CivilMarket.html Boeing Australia website] retrieved 2007-08-10] when it began to pursue subcontract work for civil airliner manufacturers. This work is now the main focus of the company and HdH has manufactured components for many of the major airliners of the later part of the 20th Century and the 21st Century, including work for Boeing, Airbus and McDonnell Douglas. In 1976 HdH undertook the refurbishment of 16 second-hand ex-US Navy Grumman S-2G Trackers for the Royal Australian Navy. In 1980 the thriving general aviation division was separated as Hawker Pacific [ [http://www.hawkerpacific.com.au/About_Us_Frameset-1.htm Hawker Pacific website] retrieved 2007-08-10] [The date was obtained from personal recollections of employees of Hawker de Havilland transferred to Hawker Pacific at the time Hawker Pacific was established.] but both companies remained part of Hawker Siddeley [ [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/HAWKER-SIDDELEY-GROUP-PUBLIC-LIMITED-COMPANY-Company-History.html Funding Universe.com Hawker Siddeley History page] retrieved 2007-08-10.] . In 1981 HdH formed the Australian Aircraft Consortium with CAC and GAF to design and manufacture the A10/A20 Wamira. The project suffered numerous delays and cost increases (due in part to the changing requirements of the RAAF and in part to the inexperience of the consortium members in designing to military requirements) and shortly after the prototype was completed at HdH's Bankstown factory the programme was cancelled at the end of 1985 [Keith Meggs [http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/MEGGS_CAC.html The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation] retrieved 2007-08-10] .

Earlier in 1985 HdH purchased CAC, which was initially kept as a separate company but was then renamed Hawker de Havilland Victoria (HdHV) the following year. At the time of the purchase both companies were in the initial stages of producing components for the GAF-built version of the F/A-18 Hornet. HdH at Bankstown was responsible for the landing gear and major hydraulic system components including aileron, rudder and flap actuators and hydraulic fluid reservoirs; while CAC/HdHV was responsible for the wing pylons, engine access panels, aft nozzle fairings, aircraft-mounted accessory drive gearboxes and engines.

Building Aircraft Again

Following the cancellation of the Wamira, HdH resumed production of complete aircraft in 1987 after it was selected to build a version of the Pilatus PC-9 under licence for the RAAF. HdH was responsible for final assembly of 67 aircraft (known as the PC-9/A), initially from components supplied by Pilatus, but with the components for the final 48 examples produced by HdHV and GAF (which by this time had been privatised and renamed Aerospace Technologies of Australia) (ASTA). In May 1988 HdH delivered the first Bankstown-assembled Sikorsky Blackhawk to the RAAF. After eight had been built the RAAF's helicopters were transferred to the Australian Army; HdH deliveries continued to the Army until the last of 38 locally-assembled aircraft was delivered in January 1991. In March the following year the last PC-9/A was delivered. Also in 1992 HdH was de-listed from the Australian Stock Exchange when it was sold to BTR Nylex [ [http://www.delisted.com.au/Company/3870/HAWKER%20DE%20HAVILLAND%20LIMITED Delisted.com.au website] retrieved 2007-08-10] .

The PC-9/A was the last complete aircraft type to be built by HdH, although RAAF Caribous could still be seen at Bankstown until 1994 [The year that Hawker Pacific commenced major servicings of the RAAF Caribou Fleet at a new facility at Brisbane Airport.] [ [http://www.ausaero.com.au/CompanyInformation/Milestones/tabid/189/Default.aspx Australian Aerospace website] retrieved 2007-08-10] . During the same time period HdH was involved in the McDonnell Douglas Helicopters MDX project, HdH being responsible for the manufacture of the tail boom and HdHV being responsible for both design and manufacture of the fuselage [ [http://www.geocities.com/gjp57/aircraft.htm Graham Percy's Aircraft Page ] ] [Eleventh International Conference on Composite Materials "Proceedings Volume 1". Murray L. Scott ed. Australian Composite Structures Society/Woodhead Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1 85573 351 X] . In 1998 the company was bought by Tenix and Hawker Pacific was sold to Swedish company Celsius. In 2000 Tenix sold HdH to Boeing which merged the company with ASTA to form Hawker de Havilland Aerospace within Boeing Australia. Today HdH is in the forefront of composite structures technology and manufactures composite and alloy components for the Airbus A320 family, Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Airbus A380, Bombardier Challenger 300, Boeing 737, Boeing 747 and Boeing 777 as well as for several military aerospace programmes [ [http://www.boeing.com.au/HdH/History/HdHtoday.html Boeing Australia website] retrieved 2007-08-10] .

=References=

References and Footnotes

ources

* Wilson, Stewart. "Beaufort, Beaufighter and Mosquito in Australian Service". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 0 9587978 4 6
* Wilson, Stewart. "Dakota, Hercules and Caribou in Australian Service". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 0 9587978 5 4
* Wilson, Stewart. "Phantom, Hornet and Skyhawk in Australian Service". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 1 875671 03 X
* Wilson, Stewart. "Vampire, Macchi and Iroquois in Australian Service". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 1 875671 07 2
* Wilson, Stewart. "Tiger Moth, CT-4, Wackett & Winjeel in Australian Service". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 1 875671 16 1
* Wilson, Stewart. "Military Aircraft of Australia". Aerospace Publications Pty. Ltd. ISBN 1 875671 08 0
* Boeing Australia [http://www.boeing.com.au/HdH/History/Overview.html Hawker de Havilland - History]
* Boeing [http://www.boeing.com/global/Australia/History/hdh.html Hawker de Havilland - History]
* http://www.adf-serials.com/