Yang Jingyu

Yang Jingyu (Chinese: 杨靖宇; born in Queshan, Henan, China on February 26, 1905 - died February 23, 1940), was a Chinese Communist, commander-in-chief and political commissar of the New First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, in the guerrilla war in Manchuria against the Japanese campaign to pacify Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Background

Jingyu joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in his home town in 1926, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1927. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising he organized local farmers in Queshan into a Revolutionary Armed Force unit. Later he did other underground work in Kaifeng and Luoyang.

In 1929, he was sent to northeast China, where he held the post of Communist Party of China Fushun special branch secretary. Imprisoned by the regime of Zhang Xueliang, he was rescued during the chaos following the Mukden Incident. After the rescue from prison, he successively held the offices of Harbin district party committee secretary, municipal party committee secretary, and Manchurian Acting provincial party committee secretary of the Central Military Commission.

In 1932, he set up the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army 32nd Army as a guerrilla force, and Shixian county in Jilin province as his guerrilla base.

In September, 1933 he was appointed commander-in-chief and political commissar of the Independent Division of the First Army of the Northeastern People's Revolutionary Army. In 1934, the Independent Division became the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, with Jingyu as commander-in-chief of the army and the Anti-Japanese United Front Army Headquarters.

In February 1936, Jingyu was appointed Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army First Army commander and political commissar, in June he was appointed Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army First Route Army commander-in-chief concurrently political commissar. Zhou Baozhong commanded the 2nd Route Army, and Li Zhaolin the 3rd Route Army. This army was open to all who wanted to resist the Japanese invasion and proclaimed its willingness to ally with all other anti-Japanese forces. This policy won over some of the shanlin bands, including former National Salvation Army units. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident a number of Manchukuoan troops deserted to the Anti-Japanese Army.

Resistance

The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army conducted a protracted campaign which threatened the stability of the Manchukuo regime, especially during 1936 and 1937. By the beginning of 1937 it comprised eleven corps in three armies, estimated by the Japanese to be about 20,000 men. Lacking the troops and materiel to conduct full-scale conventional warfare, the army's strategies were primarily to form pockets of resistance in occupied areas to harass the Japanese troops and undermine their attempts at administration, and to put up small attacks to divert resources from Japan's advance into China or against the Soviet Union after the border clashes of Chengkufeng (1938) and Battle of Khalkhin Gol (1939).

Jingyu twice commanded western marches that threatened Japanese lines of communication to Tieling and Fushun in Liaoning Province. From the latter half of 1938, Japan concentrated large numbers of its troops in Manchukuo with the mission of encircling Jingyu's army and placed a 10,000-yuan bounty on his head. By September 1938, the Japanese estimated that the Anti-Japanese Army was down to 10,000 men.

By 1940, the war was stalemated although Japan held most of the Manchurian coastal areas and the open country along the railroads, small forces of Chinese guerrillas fought doggedly on from the mountains and woodlands. The Kwantung Army then brought reinforcements into the northeast with a plan for "maintaining order and mopping up anti-Japanese elements." They cut off the supply lines to the troops of the United Front, the Chinese soldiers persevered, frequently launching attacks that compelled the enemy to divert its main force from punitive expeditions against the Chinese forces.

Last stand

With a critical lack of supplies, and closely encircled by the Japanese in January to mid-February 1940 Jingyu led more than 40 engagements in Jilin Province. He at last organized the army to disperse into small units and break out of the encirclement. It is said that his detachment of 60 people was betrayed by a staff officer to the Japanese on February 18, when Jingyu was killed along with two soldiers at his side in the Haojiang area.Fact|date=July 2007 When the enemy cut open his stomach after his death, they found only tree bark and grass roots within, without a single grain of rice.Fact|date=July 2007

External links

* [http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/126090.htm Yang Jingyu]
* 杨靖宇 Chinese wikipedia biography with photo
* [http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/126092.htm A Look Back: The Anti Japanese War]
* [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=G6yQxGynz1R7mnJgL5fJcPfbLTnRjLWgH21DMHpVJCNCpZYNBs4b!655935560!290617960?a=o&d=5000186948 The volunteer armies of northeast China]