Bijapur, Karnataka

Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
native_name=Bijapur - ವಿಜಾಪುರ


latd = 16.82|longd=75.72
state_name=Karnataka
district=Bijapur District
leader_title=District Collector
leader_name=
altitude=770
population_as_of = 2001 | population_total = 1808863 | population_density = 172
area_magnitude = 9
area_total=10541
area_telephone= 08352
postal_code= 586101-105
vehicle_code_range= KA-28
footnotes = |

Bijapur ( _kn. ವಿಜಾಪುರ Vijapur) is a district headquarters of the Bijapur District in the state of Karnataka. Bijapur city is well known for the great architectures of histrorical importance built during the Adil Shahi dynasty. Bijapur City is the head quarters of the district and is located 530 km northwest of Bangalore. The city is about 550 km from Mumbai (Maharashtra).

The city established in the 10th-11th centuries by the Chalukyas of Kalyani was referred as "Vijayapura" (City of victory). The city came under the influence of the Khilji Sultanate in Delhi by the late 13th century. In 1347, the area was conquered by the Bahmani Sultanate of Gulbarga. By this time, the city was being referred as Vijapur or Bijapur.

History

In 1518, the Bahmani Sultanate split into five splinter states known as the Deccan sultanates, one of which was Bijapur, ruled by the kings of the Adil Shahi dynasty (1490-1686). The city of Bijapur owes much of its greatness to Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the independent state of Bijapur. The rule of this dynasty ended in 1686, when Bijapur was conquered during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. In 1724 the Nizam of Hyderabad established his independence in the Deccan, and included Bijapur within his dominions. In 1760, the Nizam suffered a defeat by the Marathas, and ceded the region of Bijapur to the Maratha Peshwa. After the 1818 defeat of the Peshwa by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Bijapur passed into the hands of the British East India Company, and was assigned to the princely state of Satara. In 1848 the territory of Satara, along with Bijapur, was annexed to Britain's Bombay Presidency when the last ruler died without a male heir. The British carved a new district by the name Kaladagi. The district included present-day Bijapur and Bagalkot districts. Bijapur was made the administrative headquarters of the district in 1885, when the headquarters were moved from Bagalkot. After India's Independence in 1947, the district became part of Bombay state, and was reassigned to Mysore State, later Karnataka, in 1956. The former southern taluks of the district were separated in 1997 to form Bagalkot District.

Description

The city consists of three distinct portions: the citadel, the fort and the remains of the city. The citadel, built by Yusuf Adil Shah, a mile in circuit, is of great strength, well built of the most massive materials, and encompassed by a ditch 100 yards wide, formerly supplied with water, but now nearly filled up with rubbish, so that its original depth cannot be discovered. Within the citadel are the remains of Hindu temples, which prove that Bijapur was an important town in pre-Islam times. The fort, which was completed by Au Adil Shah in 1566, is surrounded by a wall 6 m. in circumference. This wall is from 30 to convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on high, and is strengthened with ninety-six massive bastions of various designs. In addition there are ten others at the various gateways. The width is about convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on; from bastion to bastion runs a battlemented curtained wall about convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on high. The whole is surrounded by a deep moat 30 to convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on broad. Inside these walls the Bijapur kings bade defiance to all comers. Outside the walls are the remains of a vast city, now for the most part in ruins, but the innumerable tombs, mosques, caravanserais and other edifices, which have resisted the havoc of time, afford abundant evidence of the ancient splendour of the place.
Badami, Aihole, and Pattadakal, near Bijapur, are noted for their historical temples in the Chalukyan architectural style.

Attractions

Bijapur is rich in historical attractions, mainly related to Islamic architecture.
* Gol Gumbaz: This is the most famous monument in Bijapur. It is the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah (ruled 1627-1657). It is the second largest dome ever built, next in size only to St Peter's Basilica in Rome. A particular attraction in this monument is the central chamber, where every sound is echoed seven times. Another attraction at the Gol Gumbaz is the "Whispering Gallery", where even minute sounds can be heard clearly 37 metres away. Gol Gumbaz complex includes a mosque, a Naqqar Khana (a hall for the trumpeters) (Now it is used as museum) and the ruins of guest houses.
* Ibrahim Rauza: This is the tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II (ruled 1580-1627), the fifth king of the dynasty and, like the Mughal emperor Akbar, known for religious tolerance. Built on a single rock bed, it is noted for the symmetry of its features. It is said that the design for the "Ibrahim Rauza" served as an inspiration for that of the famous Taj Mahal.
* "Malik-e-Maidan" (The Monarch of the Plains) the largest medieval cannon in the world. Being 4 m long, 1,5 m in diameter and weighing 55 tons, this gun was brought back from Ahmadnagar in the 17th century as a trophy of war by 400 oxen, 10 elephants and tens of men. It was placed on the Sherza Burj (Lion Gate) on a platform especially built for it. The cannon's nozzle is fashioned into the shape of a lion's head with open jaws & between the carved fangs is depicted an elephant being crushed to death. It is said that after igniting the cannon, the gunner would remain underwater in a tank of water on the platform to avoid the deafening explosion. The cannon remains cool even in strong sunlight and if tapped, tinkles like a bell. In 1854 the cannon was auctioned for Rs. 150 but the sale was cancelled in the end.
*"Upri Buruj", Built around 1584 by Hyder Khan, is an convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on high tower standing to the north of Dakhani Idgah in Bijapur. This is a spherical structure with stone steps winding round the outside. Top of the tower offers a commanding view of the city. This is also known as ;Hyder Burj", "Upli Burj". On top of Upli Burj there are two guns of huge size. The parafeet this tower which was used for monitoring purposes has been fenced now. One needs to climb the circular stairs to reach the top. However except for this tower there is very little evidence of the citadel wall in this area due to rampant construction.
*"Chand Bawdi", Ali Adil Shah (1557-1580) built this tank near eastern boundary of Bijapur. When there was large influx of people into Bijapur after the fall of the Vijayanagar empire, and new settlements came up within the walled city raising the need for better infrastructure and providing water supply. This has a storage capacity of 20 million litres. Later it became a model for many other tanks constructed in the city. A grandeur complex came up around it, which was mainly used to house the maintenance staff though members of the royal family occasionally used it for recreation. He named this after his wife "Chand Bibi".
*"Asar Mahal", The Asar Mahal was built by Mohammed Adil Shah in about 1646, which was used to serve as a Hall of Justice. The building was also used to house hairs from the Prophet's beard. The rooms on the upper storey are decorated with frescoes and the front is graced with a square tank. Here women are not allowed inside. Every year there is urs (festival) held at this place. In front of the hall, one can see three tanks the bigger tank, which is at the centre is about convert|15|ft|m deep however the other two are comparatively smaller in size as well as depth. Behind Asar Mahal one can still see the remain of the citadel. Just a kilometer away behind Asar Mahal, one can still find the old mosque which is on top of the citadel wall. There is a big entrance with arc below this mosque. Many stones have inscriptions. The site is under maintenance of Archeological Survey of India.
*"Gagan Mahal", Which means Sky Palace, is built with a 21- meter façade and four wooden massive pillars, has a majestic central arch. Sikandar Adil Shah, in silver chains, surrendered to Aurangzeb in 1681 here.
*"Barakaman (Ali Roza-II)" A mausoleum of Ali Roza built in 1672. It was previously named as Ali Roza, but Shah Nawab Khan changed its name to Bara Kaman as this was the 12th monument during his reign. It has now seven arches and the tomb containing the graves of Ali, his queens and eleven other ladies possibly belonging to the Zenana of the queens.
* Among the other historical attractions at Bijapur, some notable ones are the Anand Mahal, Jod Gumbaz, Jumma Mosque, Sat Manzil, and Jal Manzil. Also among old houses at Bijapur, the most famous is Elavia House ( Nauzer Elavia) which is more than 100 years old.

Geography

Bijapur is located at coord|16.83|N|75.7|E| [ [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Bijapur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bijapur] ] . It has an average elevation of 606 metres (1988 feet).

Transport

Bijapur is connected by a broad gauge railway (Gadag-Hotgi railway line) to Hotgi junction near Solapur and Kurduvadi on Central Railway towards the north and to Bagalkot on South West Railway [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Western_Railway] towards the south. The metre gauge railway track from Bagalkot to Hotgi junction on the Hubli-Hosapete railway is being converted under Project Unigauge and is likely to commissioned in the second half of 2008. [ Railway Gazette International Supplement December 2007 p7 ]

Demographics

As of 2001 India census [GR|India] , Bijapur had a population of 245,946. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bijapur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 76% and female literacy of 62%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education

chools

* [http://www.sainikschoolbijapur.org/ Sainik School, Bijapur]
* [http://sainikschoolbijapura.blogspot.com/ Sainik School,Bijapur]
* [http://www.iqraeducation.org/ IQRA Urdu Primary School, Bijapur]
* [http://www.iqraeducation.org/ IQRA Urdu High School, Bijapur]
* P.D.J High School, Bijapursanganabasava international residential school
*V.V.Sangh Primary School
*V.B.Darbar High School
*V.B.Darbar Pre-University College
*Kendriya Vidyalaya

Allopathic Medical Colleges

* [http://www.bldea.org/domains/medicine/ BLDEA's B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre]
* [http://www.alameenmedical.edu/ Al-Ameen Medical College]
* [http://www.alameenmedical.edu/dentalcollege.htm Al-Ameen Dental College]
* [http://www.bldea.org/ BLDEA's Nursing College]
* [http://www.bldeapharmacy.org/ BLDEA's College of Pharmacy]
* [http://www.alameenmedical.edu/fatimaschool.htm Al-Ameen's Fatima School of Nursing]
* Secab college of technology, Bijapur

Ayurvedic Medical Colleges

* Government Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Bijapur
* Late Smt Rajeshwari Karpurmath Ayurveda Medical College, Bijapur
* A.V. Samiti's Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Mannikeri, Bijapur
* Dr. Basavaraj Nagur Rural Ayurved Medical College
* Taluka S.P.S. Mandali's Ayurvedic Medical College, Sindagi, Bijapur

Engineering Colleges

* [http://www.bldea.org/domains/technology/index.html P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology]
* [http://www.secab.org SECAB's Malik Sandal Institute of Art & Architecture]
* [http://www.secab.org SECAB Inst of Engg & Tech]

Management Colleges

* [http://www.bldea.org/domains/commerce/index.html A.S.Patil College of Commerce and Management]
* SECAB's School of Management

ee also

*List of rulers of Bijapur
*Birthplace of Bhaskara Achārya - the man who conceived Differential Calculus

References

*
* "Samanya Mahiti"a periodical released by the Bijapur Zilla Parishad.

External links

* [http://www.bijapurcity.gov.in/ Bijapur City Municipality Website]
*