- Portugees-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap
The Portugees-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (PIK) (Portuguese Israelite Religious Community) is the community for
Sephardic Jews in theNetherlands . Sephardic Jews have been living in the Netherlands since the 16th century with the forced relocation of Spanish but above all Portuguese Jews from their homecountries due to theInquisition . Nowadays some 270 families are connected to the PIK, also sometimes called PIG, which stands for Portugees-Israëlitische Gemeente (Portuguese Israelite Congregation).History
The PIK was founded in 1814 under the reign of Willem I, although the first steps towards a central organisation of Jewish communities in the Netherlands were already taken in 1808, under command of
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte . Both theAshkenazi as well as theSephardic communities were included. This lasted until 1871, when the PIK (founded in 1870 by dissatisfied Sephardic Jews after arguments about where the central organisation which represented all Jews in the Netherlands was to be settled and after the wish to remove itself from their Ashkenazi co-religionists) removed itself from the Ashkenazi community and became a fully independent segment within Dutch Judaism.Center of Sephardic life in the Netherlands was Amsterdam, although throughout time, communities also existed in places like
The Hague ,Rotterdam (twice, in the 17th and in the 19th century),Middelburg andNaarden . At the eve of theHolocaust , some 4,300 Sephardic Jews were living in the Netherlands, the majority of them in Amsterdam. Most of them were killed; at the end of the war, an estimated 800 were still alive.Today
Currently the PIK, or PIG, has some 270 families (an estimated 600 persons) affiliated to it. The community regularly holds services in the monumental Esnoga synagogue or Snoge [ [http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/groot/snoge.html Esnoga Synagogue, Mr. Visserplein] Amsterdam Heritage. "Accessed 8th December 2006" nl icon] in downtown Amsterdam near "Waterlooplein" (Waterloo Square). There is also a small PIG-Sephardic synagogue in
Amstelveen with weekly activities. Almost all community members live in Amsterdam and surroundings. The PIG also has a youth group, called J-PIG (Jongeren Portugees-Israëlitische Gemeente) (Youngsters' Portuguese Israelite Community). Chief Rabbi ("chacham") of the community was S. Rodrigues Pereira, one of the few rabbis that survived the Holocaust. Since he passed away the community has been led by rabbis B. Drukarch, S. Haliwa and since about 1998 by Rabbi Dr. P.B. Toledano, who lives in London but visits Amsterdam frequently.Cemeteries
Several Sephardic Jewish cemeteries have been founded since the first Jews settled in the Netherlands in the 16th century. Some of them have grown to be huge monuments of a once lively community. On the most well-known is Beth Haim [ [http://www.jhm.nl/amsterdam_eng.aspx?deelkaart=4&ID=27 Portuguese Cemetery Beth Haim] Jewish Historical Museum. "Accessed 8th December 2006" ] [ [http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/groot/bethhaim.html The monumental Beth Haim Cemetery] Amsterdam Heritage. "Accessed 8th December 2006" nl icon] in
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel . Jews have been buried there since the year 1614 (making it the oldest Jewish cemetery in the Netherlands); until 1642, severalAshkenazi Jews were also buried at the cemetery, before buying their own piece of land to bury their dead near the village ofMuiderberg . Throughout history, some 28,000 Sephardic Jews were buried at Beth Haim, making it one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in the Netherlands. Among the ones buried at this monumental site are rabbiMenasseh ben Israel , diplomat Samuel Palache and the parents of philosopherBaruch Spinoza .Other Sephardic cemeteries are found in
Middelburg [ [http://www.xs4all.nl/~vriespr/joga.html Sephardic cemetery in Middelburg, founded 1655] . "Accessed 8th December 2006" nl icon] ,Amersfoort ,Rotterdam andThe Hague .References
External links
* [http://www.esnoga.com/ The Portuguese Synagogue Esnoga in Amsterdam]
* [http://www.nik.nl/ History on the founding of the PIK at the history section of the NIK website] nl icon
* [http://amersfoorteo.ngv.nl/periodiek4-3.html Short history on Sephardic Jewish life in the Netherlands] nl icon
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