York House, Twickenham

York House is an historic stately home in Twickenham, England, and today serves as the Town Hall of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is situated in Richmond Road, near the centre of Twickenham, close to St Mary’s Church.

History

Unlike several other UK buildings also called York House, the Twickenham building did not take its name from being a residence of a Duke of York. The central portion of York House dates to the 1630s and derives its name from the Yorke family, owners of farming land in the area. It was built for Andrew Pitcarne, a courtier of King Charles I. When he died in 1640, the house was sold to Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester in 1656, and then re-sold in 1661 for £3,500 to Henry Hyde, the son of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, the Lord Chancellor.

It then passed through several owners, including in the late 18th century, Ludwig, Count von Starhemberg (1762–1833), the Austrian ambassador to London. He got badly into debt and in 1817 the house was sold to Mrs Anne Seymour Damer (1748–1828), a sculptress and close friend of Horace Walpole, after whom the house passed to linguist Sir Alexander Johnstone (1775–1849), a former Chief Justice of Ceylon, founder of the Royal Asiatic Society and a Privy Councillor. Members of the Johnstone family continued to live in the house until 1863, intermixed with tenants such as the Dowager Duchess of Roxburghe (widow of the 5th Duke) until 1837, and William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale (1757–1844).

In 1864 the property was acquired by two directors of Coutts Bank on behalf of the Orleans Pretender, the Comte de Paris. Three of his four children were born in York House. His family left the house following the Franco-Prussian War of 1869-71 and the defeat of Napoleon III. The house then remained empty until 1876 when it was bought by Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff (1829–1906), a Scottish MP, junior minister in Gladstone's first government, and from 1881 to 1887 Governor of Madras.

The last private owner was Sir Ratan Tata (1871–1918), a Parsee and a major industrialist in India. A generous donor to charities, he entertained widely until 1914, when he returned to India. In 1917, on his way back to England, his ship was sunk in the Mediterranean. Now a sick man, he survived, only to die in 1918. His widow decided to sell the house and its contents in 1924. It was acquired by Twickenham Urban District Council (renamed Municipal Borough of Twickenham in 1926) and after major alterations became the council's offices. The new Council Chamber was formally opened by the then Duke of York (later King George VI) in 1926.

Municipal use

Since 1965 York House has been the municipal offices of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, housing the Mayor's parlour, staff social club, Council chamber, committee rooms and two public halls. By 1990 most of the council staff had been transferred to a new Civic Centre next door, allowing major restoration and renovation work to be carried out in York House.

The front gardens are largely a public car park. The rear gardens are bisected by a public road but run to the River Thames and are open to the public, with the sunken lawn sometimes used for open-air theatre in the summer. A stone footbridge connects the two halves of the gardens.

York House is a popular venue for weddings and other functions, also having on-site catering and a licensed bar available for hire.

References

* [http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?q=york+house&imageField.x=8&imageField.y=10&ContentID=53 Twickenham Museum website]
* [http://www.richmond.gov.uk/local_history_york_house.pdf LB Richmond local history notes]
* [http://www.richmond.gov.uk/york_house_venue_hire York House Venue Hire]