Z-Cars

infobox television
show_name = Z-Cars


caption = Opening title logo
format = Police procedural
runtime = 25 minutes & 45 minutes
creator = Troy Kennedy Martin
Allan Prior
starring = James Ellis
Brian Blessed
Stratford Johns
Frank Windsor
Jeremy Kemp
Joseph Brady
Colin Welland
country = UK
network = BBC
first_aired = January 2, 1962
last_aired = September 20, 1978
num_episodes = 667
imdb_id = 0129723

"Z-Cars" (sometimes written as "Z Cars") was a British television drama series centred on the work of beat police in the fictional town of Newtown, based on Kirkby in the outskirts of Liverpool, Lancashire in north-west of England. Produced by the BBC and screened on BBC Television (renamed BBC1 in 1964), it debuted in January, 1962 and ran for 16 years until September, 1978. Owing to an administrative quirk, for the first few years it was produced by the BBC's documentary department rather than the drama department.

The programme was created by writers Troy Kennedy Martin and Allan Prior with producer Elwyn Jones, to create a more realistic portrayal of policing than had been seen on British television before. This was in contrast to the BBC's established police drama, "Dixon of Dock Green", which portrayed a 'safe' and 'cosy' image of a 'British bobby'.

The main writers included John Hopkins (who also became script editor) and Alan Plater. The writing team created a 'kitchen sink realism' style little seen on British television beforehand (what had been seen in that style had been mostly on ITV, most notably in "Armchair Theatre"). The "Z-Cars" theme tune was arranged by Fritz Spiegl from the traditional folk song "Johnny Todd". At home matches the Liverpool based football team, Everton, and the Hertfordshire based team, Watford, play the theme as players enter the field.

In a 2000 poll to find the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century conducted by the British Film Institute, "Z-Cars" was voted 63rd It was also included in the 40 greatest TV shows published in "Radio Times" in August, 2003.

Plot

Contrary to belief the name does not come from the cars used: Ford Zephyrs and Ford Zodiacs. In fact the Zodiac was never used by British police. The Zephyr was the standard patrol traffic car (not the same as 'crime car') used by Lancashire and other police. The term comes from the call signs allocated by Lancashire Constabulary. Lancashire police divisions were lettered from north to the south. A Division (DHQ Ulverston) was the detached part of the county around Barrow-in-Furness (since 1974 part of Cumbria), B was Lancaster and so on. Letters further into the alphabet were in the south around the Manchester and Liverpool. The TV series took the non-existent signs Z-Victor 1 and Z-Victor 2.

The stories revolved around pairs of officers patrolling that week. Riding on changing social attitudes and television, the social realism, with interesting stories, garnered popularity, although it was initially less popular with real-life police, who disliked the sometimes unsympathetic characterisation of officers. Being set in the North of England helped give it a regional flavour when most BBC dramas were set in the south.

The one character present throughout the entire run was Bert Lynch, played by James Ellis (though John Phillips as Det. Chief Supt. Robins would reappear sporadically during the show's run - by the end of the series he had become Chief Constable). Other characters in the early days were Stratford Johns (Inspector Barlow), Frank Windsor (Det.Sgt Watt), Robert Keegan (Sgt Blackitt), Joseph Brady (PC 'Jock' Weir) and Brian Blessed ('Fancy' Smith). Blessed went on to become a film actor appearing in "Flash Gordon" (1980), "Henry V" (1989), "Hamlet" (1996) and "" (1999). Also in 1960s episodes as David Graham was Colin Welland, who won an Academy Award for "Chariots of Fire" in 1981, upon receipt of he warned the industry "the British are coming!" speech. Other British actors who played regular roles in the early years included John Thaw and Leonard Rossiter.

Episodes

"Z-Cars" ran for 667 episodes. The original run ended in 1965; Barlow, Watt and Blackitt were spun off into a new series "Softly, Softly". Z Cars was revived in March 1967 with only James Ellis and Joseph Brady from the original show. The revival was produced by the serials department of the BBC in a twice-weekly soap opera format of 25-minute episodes. It ran until April 1971 (in colour from early 1970) then returned to a regular season pattern of 50-minute episodes for its final years.

Lost episodes

"Z-Cars" is incomplete in the archives. 1962-5 is reasonably well represented, though with big gaps. With the 1967 revival, material becomes more patchy. 1967, 1969 and 1970 each have small numbers of surviving episodes. The years 1968 and 1971, when the series was shown almost every week, have no surviving episodes. Around half of the total episodes survive.

The original series was one of the last British television dramas screened live regularly — already rare by the time the programme began in 1962. It was felt that this helped immediacy and pace, and episodes were live as late as 1965, despite cameras appearing in shot. Most were videotaped for repeat, but the BBC regularly wiped tapes after programmes exceeded their usefulness, agreements with unions meaning they could only be shown a limited number of times. The space needed to store large videotapes , as well as the expense when they could be re-used, were factors.

However most episodes were 'telerecorded'. This was a fairly primitive (by today's standards) way of preserving a transmission by filming it (to 16 mm film) from a monitor screen. Telerecordings could be used for repeats and overseas sales. Although foreign buyers were supposed to return, destroy or forward telerecordings, many were archived and have slowly filtered back to the BBC.

One telerecording of an early episode was returned to writer Allan Prior in the 1980s by an engineer who had taken it home to preserve it because his children had enjoyed the programme and he could not destroy it. Other early episodes have been returned by broadcasters from countries such as Cyprus and the search for lost episodes of sister BBC programme "Doctor Who" has also occasionally turned up lost "Z-Cars" episodes (according to the documentary "Doctor Who: The Missing Years", included on the BBC Video DVD release "Doctor Who: Lost in Time"). Two episodes were returned in 2004 after turning up in a private collection. Colour episodes from the early-1970s are less likely to be recovered, as they were never telerecorded for export.

A list of lost and surviving episodes can be found on the [http://www.btinternet.com/~m.brown1/zcars.htm missing episodes web-site] .

After Z Cars

The spin-off, "Softly, Softly" focused on the regional crime squad, and ran until 1969, when it was again revised and became "", running until 1976. The character of Barlow (Stratford Johns) was one of the best-known figures in British television in the 1960s and 1970s, and was given several seasons of his own "solo" series, "Barlow at Large" (later just "Barlow") between 1971-75. He also joined Watt (Frank Windsor) to re-investigate the "Jack the Ripper" murders for a six-part series in 1973. This led to another spin-off, "Second Verdict" in which Barlow and Watt looked into unsolved cases and unsafe convictions.

Frank Windsor made a final appearance as Watt in the last episode of "Z Cars", 'Pressure', in September 1978, with Robins (John Phillips), the detective chief superintendent from the original series who had risen to chief constable. A number of other actors from the early days also made appearances, but not as their original characters.

Cast

*DCI Charlie Barlow — Stratford Johns (1962-1965)
*DS John Watt — Frank Windsor (1962-1965, 1978)
*PC ‘Fancy’ Smith — Brian Blessed (1962-1965)
*PC ‘Jock’ Weir — Joseph Brady (1962-1968)
*PC/DC/Sgt./Insp. Bert Lynch — James Ellis (1962-1978)
*PC Bob Steele — Jeremy Kemp (1962-1963)
*Sgt. Percy Twentyman — Leonard Williams (1962-1963)
*PC Ian Sweet — Terence Edmond (1962-1964)
*DCS/ACC/CC Robins — John Phillips (1962-1978)
*DI Dunn — Dudley Foster (1962)
*WPC Stacey — Lynne Furlong (1962-1965)
*DC Hicks — Michael Forrest (1962-1964)
*Sgt. Michaelson — James Cossins (1963)
*DC Eliot — John Thaw (1963-1964)
*PC David Graham — Colin Welland (1963-1965)
*Sgt. Blackitt — Robert Keegan (1963-1965)
*DI Bamber — Leonard Rossiter (1963)
*PC Ken Baker — Geoffrey Whitehead (1964-1965)
*PC Taylor — Marcus Hammond (1964-1965)
*PC Ray Walker — Donald Gee (1965)
*DI Hudson — John Barrie (1967)
*DS Stone — John Slater (1967-1974)
*PC Culshaw — David Daker (1967-1968)
*PC Tate — Sebastian Breaks (1967)
*PC May — Stephen Yardley (1967-1968)
*WPC Parkin — Pauline Taylor (1967-1969)
*PC Newcombe — Bernard Holley (1967-1971)
*DC Kane — Christopher Coll (1967-1968)
*BD Girl — Jennie Goossens (1967-1971)
*DI Todd — Joss Ackland (1967-1968)
*PC Jackson — John Wreford (1967-1968)
*DI Witty — John Woodvine (1968-1969)
*PC Roach — Ron Davies (1968-1969)
*PC Bannerman — Paul Angelis (1968-1969)
*PC/Sgt. Quilley — Douglas Fielding (1969-1978)
*DI Neil Goss — Derek Waring (1969-1972)
*PC/DC Skinner — Ian Cullen (1969-1975)
*PC Horrocks — Barry Lowe (1970-1975)
*PC/Sgt. Bowman — John Swindells (1970-1973)
*DS Haggar — John Collin (1971-1976, 1978)
*DC Scatliff — Geoffrey Hayes (1971-1974)
*PC Covill — Jack Carr (1971-1972)
*PC Render — Allan O'Keefe (1971-1978)
*Sgt. Culshaw — John Challis (1971-1975)
*DI Connor — Gary Watson (1972-1974)
*PC Yates — Nicholas Smith (1972-1975)
*DC Braithwaite — David Jackson (1972-1978)
*Keith Wallace — Richard Mullarkey (1974 One Episode 'Priority')
*DC Bowker — Brian Grellis (1974-1978)
*Sgt. Chubb — Paul Stewart (1974-1978)
*DI Moffat — Ray Lonnen (1975-1977)
*Mrs Tranter — Geraldine Newman (1977)
*DI Maddan — Tommy Boyle (1978)

ee also

*Zed-car

External links

*imdb title|title=Z-Cars|id=0129723
* [http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/Z/htmlZ/zcars/zcars.htm Encyclopedia of Television]
* [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/473009/index.html British Film Institute Screen Online]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/treasurehunt/missing/zcars.shtml BBC Treasure Hunt]
* [http://www.btinternet.com/~m.brown1/zcars.htm Z Cars Missing Episodes]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcnhJp0HM44 Z Cars title sequence and theme tune, 1960's]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCOPja3QKlQ Z Cars title sequence and theme tune, 1972]