Khujand

Infobox Settlement
official_name =PAGENAME
native_name =


imagesize = 300px
image_caption = Khujand - a view from the river


image_



map_caption =
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position =bottom
pushpin_mapsize = 300
pushpin_map_caption =Location in Tajikistan
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_type1 = Province
subdivision_name =‎
subdivision_name1 = Sughd
subdivision_type2 =
subdivision_name2 =
established_title =
established_date =
government_type =
leader_title =
leader_name =
area_magnitude =
area_total_sq_mi =
area_total_km2 =
area_land_sq_mi =
area_land_km2 =
area_urban_sq_mi =
area_urban_km2 =
area_metro_km2 =
area_metro_sq_mi =
population_as_of=2000
population_footnotes =
population_total = 149,000
population_urban =
population_metro =
population_density_sq_mi =
population_density_km2 =
timezone =
utc_offset =
timezone_DST =
utc_offset_DST =
latd=40|latm=17|lats=|latNS=N
longd=69|longm=38|longs=|longEW=E
elevation_footnotes=
elevation_m =
elevation_ft =
postal_code_type =
postal_code = 735700
area_code = 00 992 3422
website = www.khujand.tj
footnotes =

Khujand (Tajik: unicode|Хуҷанд,خجند), also transliterated as "Khudzhand", _ru. Худжанд, formerly Khodjend or Khodzhent until 1939 and Leninabad (Leninobod, Ленинобод, لنین‌آباد) until 1992, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan. It is situated on the Syr Darya River at the mouth of the Fergana Valley. The population of the city is 149,000 (2000 census), down from 160,000 in 1989. It is also the capital of the northernmost province of Tajikistan, now called Sughd.

History

Classical authors state Alexander of Macedon founded a Greek settlement near the site of today's Khujand in 329 BC called the city of Alexandria Eschate (Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη) or "Alexandria The Furthest" - modern Khujand. It would have formed a bastion for the Greek settlers against the Scythian tribes to the north of the Syr Darya, which the Greeks called the Jaxartes River. It became a major staging point on the northern Silk Road.

During much of its history Khujand like the rest of Central Asia was once a part of the Persian Empire and its history is a part of the Persian history. Some of the famous Persian poets and scientists come from this city.

Khujand was ruined by the Arabs in the eighth century and strongly resisted the Mongol hordes five centuries later. Timurids ruled the area icluding the whole Tajikistan before It became part of Kokand Khanate. In the year of 1866 Central Asia was occupied by Russia pushing back the borders of Kokand Khanate.

The city was renamed Leninabad on October 27, 1939, and re-established on December 23, 1970. It reverted to its original name in 1992 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and is now in the republic of Tajikistan.

ee also

* State of Hua (Hephthalite)
* Khudzhand Airport
* Khujand Branch of the Technical University of Tajikistan
* Khujand prison riot

References

*Hill, John E. 2004. "The Peoples of the West from the Weilue" 魏略 "by Yu Huan" 魚豢": A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265." Draft annotated English translation. [http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html] (See under the heading for "Northern Wuyi").

External links

*http://khujand.tj/ - Official website of Khujand city Government (in Russian)
*http://www.angelfire.com/pe/rudaki/khujand.html (In Russian)
*http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Tajikistan/Viloyati_Leninobod/Khujand-1431593/TravelGuide-Khujand.html (Khujand travel guide)
*http://www.greatestcities.com/Asia/Tajikistan/Khujand_formerly_Leninabad_city.html