List of Bohol flora and fauna

The Philippines supports a rich and varied flora with close botanical connections to Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia. Forests cover almost one-half of the land area and are typically tropical, with the dominant family, Dipterocarpaceae, representing 75% of the stands. The forest also has vines, epiphytes, and climbers. Open grasslands, ranging up to 2.4 m (8 ft) in height, occupy one-fourth of the land area; they are man- made, the aftermath of the slash-and-burn agricultural system, and most contain tropical savanna grasses that are nonnutritious and difficult to eradicate. The diverse flora includes 8,000 species of flowering plants, 1,000 kinds of ferns, and 800 species of orchids.

Seventy to eighty percent of non-flying mammals in the Philippines are found nowhere else in the world. [ [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures/Origins_1.htm Ancient Geological History of the Philippines] The Field Museum.org Retrieved 2 January, 2007. ] Common mammals include the wild hog, deer, wild carabao, monkey, civet cat, and various rodents. There are about 196 breeding species of birds, among the more numerous being the megapodes (turkey-like wildfowl), button quail, jungle fowl, peacock pheasant, dove, pigeon, parrot, and hornbill. Reptilian life is represented by 190 species; there are crocodiles and the larger snakes include the python and several varieties of cobra.

The fauna on Bohol is almost identical to that on Mindanao, Samar, and Leyte, but not that on nearby Negros. Scientists believe that the floral and faunal biodiversity unique to the Philippines is caused by the Ice Age. [ [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures/Origins_2.htm Ice-Age History of the Philippines] The Field Museum Retrieved 2 January, 2007. ] They also believe that the country has the most severely endangered plant and animal communities on earth. [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures/Deforestation_5.htm]

Bohol is an island province in the Philippines and its 10th largest island. It is located in the Central Visayas region and has a population of 1,137,000 (2000 census) with an area of 4,117.3 km. This is a list of the most common species and varieties of flora and fauna specific to the province of Bohol in the Philippines, endemic or otherwise.

List of Bohol Flora

Hardwood and other tree species

# "abihíd"
# Acacia - Rain tree;"Samanea saman Merr."; Other scientific names: "Mimosa saman Jacq."; "Inga saman Willd."; "Pithecolobium saman Benth."; "Enterolobium saman Prain"
# "almáciga" - "Agathis philippinensis"
# "bagakay"
# "Bagalñga" (C. Bis.) - "Lygodium japonicum"; Paraiso
# "bago"
# "balete" - Indian rubber tree; "Ficus elastica"
# "bánaba" - Lagerstroemia speciosa"; Queen's Flower or Crepe Myrtle and the Pride of India;"
# "bangkaw" - "Nauclea junghuhnii"; "bangkal" Other scientific names: "Sarcocephalus horsfeldii"; "Sarcocephalus junghuhnii"
# "Batinô" - "Alstonia macrophylla"
# "bitaóg" - "Calophyllkum blancoi"; "Calophyllum wallichianum Vidal"
# "bujangjang" - Prayer beads; "Arbus precatorius Linn."; "saga"
# "bulí" - "Corypha elata Roxb."; "buri"
# "kawayan" - "Bambusa spinosa"; "Bambusa vulgaris"
# "dapdap" - "Erythrina variegata Linn. var. orientalis" (Linn.); Indian coal tree
# Date palm - "Palmae"
# "dorol" - also called "doldol"; "kapok" (Tag.) ; "Ceiba pentandra"
# Eucalyptus - "Eucalyptus globulus"
# "Gemilina" - "Gmelina arborea"
# "Ipil-ipil" - "Leucaena glauca Linn."
# "lauaan" - "Diptecarpus thurifer"
# "lubí" - "niyóg"Coconut - "Cocos nucifera"
# "madre de cacao" - "kakawate"; "Gliricidia sepium"
# "mahogany" - Philippine Mahogany; "Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae)"
# " mangga" - Mango; "Mangifera indica" (Anacardiaceae); "Bohol mangga"
# mangrove- "Rhizopora mangle"; red mangrove; "pagatpat"; "manggal"
# mangrove - "Avicennia nitida"; black mangrove
# mangrove - "Sonneratia"
# mangrove -"Brugiera"; red mangrove
# mangrove - "bakhawan babae"; "bakhawan lalake"
# mangrove - "piyapî"
# mangrove - "piyag-aw"; "bigî" or "tabigi"; "Xylocarpus moluccensis"
# mangrove - "Bigî" (Tagb.); "Xylocarpus granatum "
# "maribojoc" - "agoho"; "Casuarina equisitofolia"
# molave - "Vitex parviflora"; "tugás"
# narra - Philippine cedar; "Pterocarpus indicus"; "Pterocarpus santalinus"
# Neem tree - "Azadirachta indica"
# "ninô" or "linô" - Indian mulberry; "Morinda citrifolia"; "apatot" (noni juice)
# "nipâ" - "Nypa fruticans"; nipâ palm
# "nitô" - "Lygodium japonicum"
# "oliva" - olive; "Cycas revoluta"
# "pitogo" - "Cycas"
# "papuwá" - annato; "Bixa orellana Linn."; "suetes"; "atsuete"
# rattan - "Calamus"
# Rubber Tree - "Hevea brasiliensis" (Euphorbiaceae)
# "teak" - Philippine teak; "Tectona philippinensis"
# "tipó" - Antipolo; "Artocarpus blancoi Merr."
# "talisay" - "Terminalia catappa"; almond
# "yakál" - "Dipterocarpus plagutus"

Note: very highly regulated species in the Philippines: lauaan, narra, Philippine mahogany

Fruit Trees/Plants

# "alibangbang" - "Bauhinia malabarica"; butterfly-shaped leaves from a tree used for souring
# "atis"- "Annona squamosa L."; sweetsop, sugar apple or custard apple
# "atis" - sugar apple; "Annona squamosa Linn."; "anonas"
# Avocado - "Persea americana"; "avocado"
# "balingbing" - Star fruit; "Averrhoa carambola Linn."; also "Averrhoa pentandra Blanco"
# "batuan" - "Garcinia morella", a small sour green fruit with a large seed
# "bayabas" - Guava; "Psidium guajava"
# "boongon" - pomelo; Citrus maxima
# "bugnay" - "Antidesma bunius Linn."; "bignay"
# cacao - "Theobroma cacao"
# "kapeng barako" - Philippine coffee; "Coffea arabica"; "Coffea canephora" or "C. robusta"
# "kaimito" - "caimito"; "Chrysophyllum caninito Linn."; star apple
# "chico" - "Achras sapota Linn."; "Sapota achras Mill."; "Sapota zapotilla Coville"
# "chico"- "Manilkara zapote", a brown sweet fruit with black seeds
# Chinese holly - "Ilex cornuta"
# "Curcuma domestica", turmeric
# "dayáp" - "Citrus aurantifolia", lime
# "duhat" - "Syzygium cumini", Java plum
# "durian" - "Durio zybethinus"
# "granada" - "Punica granatum"; Pomegranate
# "guyabano" - Soursop; "Annona muricata Linnaeus" or "A. muricata L." (Annonaceae); "guyabano"
# "ibâ" - "Averrhoa bilimbi"; "kamias"
# "joló"; "koló" - "bread fruit" ; "Artocarpus altilis"
# "kamátsile" - "Pithecellobium dulce", kamachille, Madras thorn fruit
# "kapayas" or "kapajas" - Papaya; "Carica papaya L." (Caricaceae)
# "kasúy" - "Anacardium occidentale", cashew
# "lanzones" - "Lansium domesticum"
# "lemoncito" - "Citrus microcarpa"; "kalamansi"
# "lemoncito" - "Citrus madurensis", a small lime indigenous to the Philippines; also called Chinese orange, Panama orange
# "linga" - "Sesamum indicum"
# "lomboy" - Black plum; "Syzgium cumini"; "duhat" in Tagalog
# "macopa" - "Syzygium samarangense"
# "mangga" - "mango" ; "Mangifera indica" (carabao, pajo)
# "manzanitas" - datiles; ratiles; "Muntingia calabura"; a little cherry-like wild fruit
# "marang" - "Artocarpus odoratissima"
# "nangkâ" - Jackfruit; "Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam."; "langkâ"
# orange - "Citrus aurantium"; local orange; "dalandan" in Tagalog
# orange - Mandarin orange; Citrus reticulata
# orange - tangerine orange; "Citrus nobilis" ;"dalandan"
# orange -local lemon or lime - Citrus; "dayap" in Tagalog
# orange - "Citrus medica"
# passion fruit - "Passiflora incarnata"
# "pili" nut - "Canarium ovatum"
# "pinya" or "pinja" - Pineapple; "Ananas comosus"
#"saging tundan" - Banana; "Musa"; (Musaceae)
# "Saging sab-a" - Banana variety; "Musa" (Musaceae)
# "Saging cavendish"; Banana variety; "Musa" (Musaceae)
# "Saging senyorita"; Banana variety; "Musa" (Musaceae)
# "Saging morado"
# "sambag" - "Tamarindus indicus"; tamarind; "sampalok"
# "Santol" - "Sandoricum koetjape Merr."
# "siriguelas"; "sineguelas" in Visayan or "sigarilyas" in Tagalog "Spondias sp"
# "suwâ-suwâ - "Triphasia trifolia P. Wils."
# "tambis" - "Syzygium malaccense"; Malay Apple; Tersana Rose Apple
# "tisâ"
# Tree fern -"Cyathea" spp.
# watermelon - "Curcubita citrullus Linn."; also "Citrullus vulgaris Schrad."; pakwan

Vegetables

# "ahos" - Garlic; "Allium sativum"; "bawang"
# "Alugbati" - Malabar nightshade; "Basilia rubra Linn."
# "batong" - string beans; "Bataw"; "Dolichos labiab Linn."
# "carrot" - "karot"; "Daucus carota L."
# "kabasâ" - "kalabasâ"; squash; "Cucurbita maxima Duchesne"; "Curcubita sulcata Blanco"
# "kamatis" - Tomato; "Solanum lycopersicum" or "Lycopersicum esculentum"
# "kamunggay" – "malunggay"; "Moringa oleifera"
# "katuray" - "Sesbania grandiflora", a white flower used in salads
# "kinstsay" - "Apium graveolens", Chinese celery
# "kolis" - "Pisonia alba", lettuce tree, also called maluko in Tagalog
# "kulitis" - "Amaranthus viridis", slender amaranth
# "kundol" - "Benicasa hispida"; wax gourd
# "kutsay" - "Allium odorum"; Chinese chives
# "Lagundî"; "Vitex negundo"
# "laurel" - "Antidesma bunius"; Chinese laurel
# "luy-a" - ginger; "Zingiber officinale"; "luya"
# "munggos" - munggo; "Phaseolus aureus"; green mung bean
# "mustasa" - "Brassica juncea v. integrifola"; mustard greens
# "okra" - "Abelmoschus escuclentus Linn."; also "Hibiscus esculentis Linn."
# "pandan" -"Pandanus odoratissimus"; screw pine
# "paliyá" or "palijá" - Bitter melon; "Momordica charantia"; "Ampalaya"
# "patola" - "Luffa cylindrica"; sponge gourd
# "patola" - "Luffa acutangula"; Loofah
# "pechay" - "Brassica chinesis"; pakchoy; bokchoy
# "pipino" - cucumber; "Cucumis sativus"
# "pipino" - Cucumber; zuchinni; "Cucurbita pepo"
# radish; "Raphanus"
# "repolyo" - cabbage; "Brassica oleracea"
# "saluyot" - "Corchorus olitorius"; Jew's mallow
# "sayote" - "Sechium edule"; chayote; mirliton pear
# "sibuyas bombay" - Onion; "Allium cepa"
# "sibuyas dahon" - "Allium sativum"
# "sili" - "Capsicum annuum"; chili
# "sili'ng kulikot" - "Capsicum frutescens"; siling labuyo; Cayenne
# "sili"- pepper; "Solanum capsicum" (Solanaceae)
# "singkamas" - "Pachyrhizus erosus"; yambean
# "tangkong" or "kangkong"; "Ipomoea aquatica"; swamp cabbage, potato vine
# "tawong" or "talong"; eggplant - "Solanum melongena"
# "Ocimum sanctum" - holy basil
# "upo" - "Lagenaria leucantha"; bottle gourd
# "Corindrium sativum" - coriander leaf

Flowering plants

# "adelfa" - Oleander; South sea rose; "Nerium indicum Mill."; "Neroum oleander Blanco"; "Nerium odorum Soland."
# "alas kuwatro"
# "antuwanga" - Gumamela; Hibiscus; China Rose; Shoeflower; "Hibiscus rosa sinensis"
# Asparagus (genus) - Green fern, for bouquets; "Asparagus plumosus"
# Aster
# "bahug-bahug" - "Vernonia cinerea"; "bulak-manok"; Billy Goat Weed
# "banaba" - "Lagerstroemia speciosa"
# "bangka-bangkaan" - "Rhoeo discolor"
# Bird of Paradise (plant) - "Strelitzia reginae
# "bombil" - bougainvillea; "Bougainvillea"
# "Bromeliad"
# "bunga" - Areca nut; "Areca catechu"; "Areca alba" ("lubi lubi")
# "caballero" - peacock flower; "Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn."; "bulaklak ng paraiso"
# Comfrey – "Symphytum officinale L" (tambal sa nuka)
# "cosmos" - Cosmos (genus)
# "cosmos" (bahô) - "Tagetes erecta"
# Chrysanthemum - "Chrysanthemum sinense"; "manzanilla"
# Daisy
# Dancing lady
# Dandelion- "Taraxacum officinale Weber"; "Leontodon taraxacum Linn."; "Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf."
# "Dendrobium"
# "duranta" - "Duranta repens Linn."; golden duranta
# Ginseng
# Ground orchids
# "ilang ilang - also known as "Y _yl. corn
# Oregano - "Origanum vulgare"; Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram
# oregano - "Coleus aromaticus Benth."
# peppermint - "Clinopodium douglasii"
# "Quisqualis indica" - Chinese honeysuckle; "niyog-niyogan"
# "sábila" - Aloe Vera; "Aloe barbadensis Miller Liquid"
# "Sambong"- "Blumea camphora" ; "Blumea balsamifera L."
# "sinaw sinaw" or "sida sida" - "Ulasimang Bato"; "Peperomia pellucida"; "pansit-pansitan"
# "tangad" - lemon grass; "Andropogon citratus "; "tanglad"; "Cymbopogon"
# "tawá tawá" - "Euphorbia hirta"; boto-botonis; gatas-gatas
# "tubó" - sugar cane; "Saccharum"
# "Tubá-tubá" - "Jatropha curcas"; also known as "Tubang Bakod" in Tagalog; Physic Nut in English or interchangeably "tubá-tubá" or "Jatropha" (Tuba-Tuba Plant Seeds (Jatropha) to Bio-diesel Fuel)
# Wild Tea - "Ehretia microphylla Lam"; "Tsaang Gubat"
# Yerba Buena - "Mentha spicata"

Root crops

# "apale"
# "balanghoy" - "Cassava"; "Manihot esculenta Crantz"; "kamoteng kahoy"
# "camote" - Sweet potatoes; "Ipomoea batatas"
# "gabi" - taro; "Colocasia esculenta Linn."
# "patatas" - potatoes; "Solanum tuberosum"
# "singkamas" - "Pachyrrhizus erosus Linn."
# "Ube kinampay" - purple yam; "Dioscorea alata"
# "Ube"- yam; "Dioscorea alata"
# other cash crops

eaweeds

# "Acetabularia"
# "ambáng"
# Chlorella
# "Codium fragile"
# eelgrasses - seagrasses; thalasia
# "guaman" - "Gracilaria compressa
# "gusô" - "Eucheuma spinosum"
# kelp - "Macrocystis"
# Laminaria
# "latô" – "Caulerpa racemosa"
# "Laurencia"
# "lukót"
# Porphyra
# "Samô" – Sargassum
# "Ulothrix"
# "Ulva" - sea lettuce

Gallery of some Bohol Flora

List of Bohol Fauna

Mammals

# "baka" - Philippine cow; "Bos taurus"
# "Baboy ihás" - "baboy damó"; wild boar; "Sus scrofa"
# "bóngcaras" - sea cow; "Dugong dugon"
# "Dugong" - manatee; "Trichechus Linnaeus, 1758
# "kabaw" - "kalabaw"; Carabao; "Bubalus bubalis carabanesis"
# "mawmag", "mamag", "tarsius" - Philippine Tarsier; "Tarsius syrichta"
# "Kwaknit" or "kabog" - "bats" ; order Chiroptera
# "Kagwang" - Philippine Flying Lemur; "Cynocephalus volans"
# "Sigbin" – kangaroo ?
# "unggoy" - monkey; macaque; Philippine Long-tailed Macaque; "Macaca fascicularis philippinensis"
# monkeys
# "milô", "musang" - Common Palm Civet; "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus"

Annelid

# "alimátok" - Leech; "Hirudo medicinalis"
# earthworm; "Lumbricus terrestris"

Arthropods

# Centipede Class Chilopoda locally known as ulhipan
# "labód"- Millipede ; Class Diplopoda

Reptiles

# Python; Python reticulatus; reticulated python
# "iyón" or "iwón" – Philippine Turtle; Chelonia
# "ahas" – snake
# "baksan"
# "hawo" – "bayawak"; monitor lizard; "Varanus salvator"
# "Tikî" or "tabilí" – house lizard;
# "Tukô" – Gecko gecko
# "tawoto" (taloto)
# "ibid"
# "buaya"
# "baki"
# "ambubukad"

Birds (Ibon)

# "agul-ol"
# "banog"
# "Antolihaw" - dimodlaw; Oriole; "Oriulus chinensis"
# "Tamsi"
# "Tocmo"
# "iling"
# "maya"
# "Pabo" – Turkey; "Meleagris gallopavo"
# "itik" - duck
# "Pato" - Duck
# "Gansa" - Geese
# "Agila" – Philippine eagle; "Pithecophaga jefferyi"
# "Uwák" - crow; "Corone philippina"
# "uwák" - Philippine crow; "Corvus"
# "salampati" or "pati" - Dove
# Pigeon
# "Alimokón"
# "Kuwagô" – Philippine owl; "Bubo bubo"
# "Manok bisaya" - native chicken; "Gallus gallus domesticus"
# "sunóy" - rooster
# "Manok ugís"
# Philippine Serpent Eagle "Spilornis holospilus"
# Brahminy Kite
# woodpecker
# rocky-tailed blue-headed parrot
# grass owl
# scoop owl
# bubock pigeon
# water cock
# parakeets
# reel

Insects

# "alibangbang" - butterfly
# "lamók" – "mosquito"
# "langaw" – "flies"
# "uk-ok" – cockroach; "ipis" (Tag.)
# "amigas" or "hulmigas" – red ants; "langgam"(Tag.)
# "sum" - black ants (read soom)
# "atitud" – small ants
# "anay" – white ants
# "aninipot" - Fireflies
# "don don" or "lukton" - grasshopper
# "buyóg" or "bujog" - bees
# "gangis" - cricket
# beetle
# "putyukan" or "putjukan" - honey bees

Fish ("Isdâ")

# "andohaw"
# "bakasí"
# "bakáy"
# "baksawan"
# "banák" - family magulidae, mullet
# "bangsi"
# "bangús" – milkfish; "Chanos chanos"
# "barilis" - "Neothunnus macropterus"; yellowfin Tuna
# "bawô"
# "bolinaw"
# "botete"
# "burot burot"
# "dalág" - "Ophicephalus striatus", Murrel
# "danggit" - "Siganid"
# "hasâ hasâ"
# "isdâ sa bató"
# "ketong"
# "kujóg"
# lapulapu - Family Serranidae ; Grouper
# "malasugí"
# "mansi"
# "molmol"
# "pantat"
# "pómpano"
# "samín samín"
# "sugí"
# "sunghan"
# "tambasakan"
# "tangigue"
# "tilapia" - "Tilapia"; "Tilapia zili"
# "tulingan"
# tuna
# blue marlin
# mackerel
# salmon
# silver sea bass - "Lates calcarifer";
# Goby
# sea catfish - Family Ariidae
# wrasse - Family Labridae
# silver perch - "Datnia plumbea"
# "pakol"
# "lapad-lapad"
# "budboron"Note:
* "bijud" sa isda - fish eggs: caviar
* "sanga" is banned
* "tangkig" - dwarf anaconda (sea)

Freshwater fish

#"ibís" – guppy
# "kasili"
# "anga"

Mollusks (Shellfish)

Univalves

# "Saáng"
# Chambered Nautilus
# "bugyong"
# "buskay" – cowry; "Cypraea"; varieties: Tiger cowry; Golden cowry
# cones - "Conus"

Bivalves

# "bebe"
# "imbaw"
# "tuway"
# "aninikád"
# "dawo-dawo"
# "Amahóng" or "tahóng" - green bay "mussels" "Perna viridis" (affected by tide)
# oyster; "Crassostrea gigas"
# clams
# giant clams
# abalone
# scallops

ea animals

# "bóngcaras" – sea cow
# "iho" - shark
# Whale shark; "Rhincodon typus"
# "lumód" - Dolphin;
# "dugong" - Manatee; "Dugong dugon "
# "pawikan" - Sea turtle
# "pague" – manta ray
# "bat" or "bat tulî" - sea cucumber; "Holothuria"
# "lambay" – big Crabs
# "kasag" - small crabs
# "agukoy" – fiddler crab; "Uca sp."
# "pasayan" - "sapayan"; also "sapajan"; shrimp
# "lukón" - prawn
# "nukos" - Squid;
# "amûpô" - Octopus;
# crabs - Genus Portunus
# "nipâ nipâ" - crablets
# "sugâ sugâ" - crablets
# Lobster
# "Tangkigan"
# "Taklâ"- crayfish
# Brittle stars; Ophiurida
# Sand dollars
# Starfish - "A. typicus"
# "tuyóm" or "tujóm" - sea urchins; "Diadema"
# "swakê" -
# blue crab
# mud crab
# "uwáng" - Ustacidae, crayfish;
# "uwáng" - "Macrobrachium rosenbergii", giant freshwater prawn
# "sunlutan"

Exotic species

# "Kuhól" – golden apple snail; "Ampullaria cuprina"

Gallery of Bohol Fauna

Gallery Philippine Tarsier

References

* [http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org Philippine Herbal Medicine Site]
* [http://www.stuartxchange.org/CompleteList.html Complete List of Herbal Medicinal Plants in Tagalog and English]
* [http://www.stuartxchange.org/CompleteList.html List of Philippine Herbal Medicinal Plants]
* [http://www.livestockusa.org/PHILIPPINES.html Philippine InvertebratesPolytonic|]
* [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/bejc/archive/tanngcai.html The Cave shrimps of the Philippines]
* Primavera, J.H [http://landbase.hq.unu.edu/Workshops/OkinawaMarch2000/Papers/Primaverapapermar2000.htm Philippine Mangroves: Status, Threats and Sustainable Development]
* [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures/Origins_1.htm/ Vanishing treasures] retrieved 01/02/2007