Sabinus Iulianus

Infobox Roman emperor
name =Sabinus Iulianus
full name =Marcus Aurelius Sabinus Iulianus
title =Usurper(s) of the Roman Empire


caption =Antoninianus of Iulianus, celebrating the two provinces of Pannonia.
reign =283-285 or 286, against Carinus or Maximian
predecessor =
successor =
spouse 1 =
spouse 2 =
issue =
dynasty =
father =
mother =
date of birth =
place of birth =
date of death =
place of death =Italy or Africa Province
place of burial =|

Marcus Aurelius Sabinus Iulianus [His name is known from his coins, where his name is given as "M. Aur. Iulianus", and from literary sources: Aurelius Victor ("Epitome", 38.6) and Zosimus (1.73; 1.3) give "Sabinus Iulianus"; "Iulianus" is supported by Aurelius Victor, "Liber", 39.10.] (also known as Julian I or Julian of Pannonia; d. 285-286) was a Roman usurper (283-285 or 286) against Emperor Carinus or Maximian. It is possible that up to four usurpers with a similar name rebelled in a time-frame of a decade, but at least one of them is known by numismatic evidence.

Usurper against Carinus (283-285)

Iulianus was a "corrector" in northern Italy, in 283/284,Aurelius Victor, "Liber", 39.10.] (and not a praetorian prefect as stated by some sources)Zosimus, i.73.1.] . Soon after the news of the death of Emperor Carus (in 283) or Numerian (in November 284) arrived in the western provinces, Iulianus revolted in Pannonia. He issued coins from Siscia, some of them bearing a legend celebrating Pannonia. Emperor Carinus, brother of Numerian, who had marched from Roman Britain to deal with the usurpation, met, defeated, and killed Iulianus early in 285, in Italy [Zosimus, i.73.3.] (possibly in Verona), [Aurelius Victor, "Epitome", 38.6.] or in Illyricum.

According to some scholars, it is possible that two usurpers actually existed: a M. Aur. Iulianus, "corrector" in Italy, rebelled after Carus' death, with the control of Pannonia, and defeated in Illyricum; a Sabinus Iulianus, praetorian prefect, usurper in Italy after Numerian's death, defeated near Verona. [Morris.]

Another usurper, simply named Iulianus, raised some turmoil in Africa Province, against Carinus, with the support of the Quinquegentani tribe. [Aurelius Victor, "Liber", 39.22.]

Usurper against Maximian and Diocletian

A third Iulianus is mentioned revolting between the time Maximian had been raised to the rank of "Augustus" (1 March 286) and the time Constantius Chlorus and Galerius became "Caesar" (March 1, 293). The revolt of this Iulianus took place in Italy, but ended when, during a siege, a breach was opened in the walls of his city, and he threw himself in the fire. [Aurelius Victor, "Epitome", 39.3-4.]

Notes

References

Primary sources

* Aurelius Victor, "Epitome de Caesaribus", 38.6, 39.3-4
* Aurelius Victor, "Liber de Caesaribus", 39.10, 39.22
*Zosimus, "Historia Nova",

econdary sources

* [http://www.roman-emperors.org/iulian.htm Banchich, Thomas, and Michael DiMaio, "Iulianus ("ca." 286-293 A.D.)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"]
* [http://www.roman-emperors.org/carinus.htm Leadbetter, William, "Carinus (283-285 A.D.)", "De Imperatoribus Romanis"]
*

External links

* [http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/julian_I/i.html Coinage of Julian of Pannonia]