Coleco

Coleco

Industry	Consumer electronics, video game
Founded	1932 2005 (revival)
Key people	Maurice Greenberg, Arnold Greenberg[1]
Products	video games, consumer electronics[2]
Website	coleco.com

Coleco is an American company founded in 1932 by Maurice Greenberg as "Connecticut Leather Company".^[3] It became a highly successful toy company in the 1980s, known for its mass-produced version of Cabbage Patch Kids dolls and its video game consoles, the Coleco Telstar and ColecoVision.^[4][5][6]

History

Coleco originally manufactured shoe leather, which later led to a business in leather craft kits in the 1950s. They began manufacturing plastic moulding and moved into plastic wading pools in the 1960s. The leather part of the business was then sold off.^[7]

Under CEO Arnold Greenberg, the company entered the video game console business with the Telstar in 1976. Dozens of companies were introducing game systems that year after Atari's successful Pong console. Nearly all of these new games were based on General Instrument's "Pong-on-a-chip". However, General Instrument had underestimated demand, and there were severe shortages. Coleco had been one of the first to place an order, and was one of the few companies to receive an order in full. Though dedicated game consoles did not last long on the market, their early order enabled Coleco to break even.

Coleco continued to do well in electronics. They transitioned next into handheld electronic games, a market popularized by Mattel. Coleco produced two very popular lines of games, the "head to head" series of two player sports games, (Football, Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, Hockey) and the mini-arcade series of licensed video arcade titles such as Donkey Kong and Ms. Pacman. A third line of educational handhelds was also produced and included the Electronic Learning Machine, Lil Genius, Digits, and a trivia game called QuizWhiz.^[8]

The ColecoVision video game console

Coleco returned to the video game console market in 1982 with the launch of the ColecoVision. While the system was quite popular, Coleco hedged their bet on video games by introducing a line of cartridges for the Atari 2600 and Intellivision. They also introduced the Coleco Gemini, a clone of the popular Atari 2600.

When the video game business began to implode in 1983, it seemed clear that video game consoles were being supplanted by home computers. Coleco's strategy was to introduce the Coleco Adam home computer, both as a stand-alone system and as an expansion module to the ColecoVision. This effort failed, in large part because Adams were often unreliable. The Adam flopped; Coleco withdrew from electronics early in 1985.^[9]

Also in 1983, Coleco released the Cabbage Patch Kids series of dolls which were wildly successful.^[10] In 1986, they introduced an ALF plush based on the furry alien character who had his own television series at the time, as well as a talking version and a cassette-playing "Storytelling ALF" doll.^[11] The staggering success of the dolls could not stem the tide of red ink that had begun with the launch of the Adam computer. In 1988, the company filed for bankruptcy.^[12]

The reorganized Coleco sold off all of its North American assets and outsourced thousands of jobs to foreign countries, closing plants in Amsterdam, New York and other cities.^[13] In 1989, Hasbro and Canada based SLM Action Sports Inc. purchased Coleco's assets.^[14]

In 2005, River West Brands, a Chicago-based brand revitalization company, re-introduced Coleco to the marketplace. In late 2006, they introduced the Coleco Sonic, a handheld system containing twenty Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear games.

See also

• Electronic Quarterback
• Sectaurs
• Starcom: The U.S. Space Force
• Telstar Combat!

References

1. ^ "2nd Greenberg to Be Coleco's New Chairman". The Los Angeles Times. 1985-05-08. http://articles.latimes.com/1985-05-08/business/fi-6665_1. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
2. ^ Woutat, Donald (1985-01-03). "Coleco Discontinues Its Adam Computer Line". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1985-01-03/business/fi-11281_1. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
3. ^ Kleinfield, N. R. (1985-07-21). "COLECO MOVES OUT OF THE CABBAGE PATCH". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/business/coleco-moves-out-of-the-cabbage-patch.html?&pagewanted=2. Retrieved 2010-08-07. 
4. ^ "Dividends: New Woes for Coleco". Time. 1984-03-19. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950049,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-03. 
5. ^ "Computers: Coleco Pulls the Plug". Time. 1985-01-14. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962686,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-03. 
6. ^ Tong, Judy (2002-12-08). "UPDATE: XAVIER ROBERTS; Bigger Kids In the Garden". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/08/business/update-xavier-roberts-bigger-kids-in-the-garden.html. Retrieved 2010-08-07. 
7. ^ Kleinfield, N. R. (1985-07-21). "COLECO MOVES OUT OF THE CABBAGE PATCH". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/business/coleco-moves-out-of-the-cabbage-patch.html?&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 
8. ^ http://www.handheldmuseum.com/Coleco
9. ^ Woutat, Donald (1985-01-03). "Coleco Discontinues Its Adam Computer Line". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1985-01-03/business/fi-11281_1. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
10. ^ "Cleveland's Cabbage Patch Kids turn 25". 2008-09-07. AccessNorthGA.com. http://www.accessnorthga.com/detail.php?n=213040&c=10. Retrieved 2010-08-07. 
11. ^ Gendel, Morgan (1986-08-26). "Coleco Plays The Odds, Pays For Ads For 'Alf'". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-26/entertainment/ca-17809_1_alf-products. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
12. ^ "Cabbage Patch Doll Maker Is Bankrupt". The Los Angeles Times. 1988-07-12. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-07-12/news/mn-5746_1_cabbage-patch-kids. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
13. ^ "BRIEFLY". The Los Angeles Times. 1988-07-04. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-07-04/business/fi-4010_1_cabbage-patch-kids-dolls. Retrieved 2010-08-26. 
14. ^ "Hasbro's Purchase Of Coleco's Assets". New York Times. 1989-07-13. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE6D8113BF930A25754C0A96F948260. Retrieved November 13, 2006. 

External links

• coleco.com River West Brands' Coleco product page
• Article at The Dot Eaters, a history of Coleco and the ColecoVision products
• www.colecomuseum.com, dedicated to COLECO collectibles
• [http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/10/business/company-news-slm-action-sports-buys-coleco-units.html