Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout

In automotive design, a RMR or Rear Mid-engine, Rear-wheel drive layout is one in which the rear wheels are driven by an engine placed just in front of them, behind the passenger compartment. In contrast to the rear-engined RR layout, the center of mass of the engine is in front of the rear axle. This layout is typically chosen for its low polar inertiaFact|date=November 2007 and relatively favorable weight distribution (the heaviest component is near the center of the car, making the main component of its moment of inertia relatively low)Fact|date=November 2007. The layout has a tendency toward being heavier in the rear than the front, which allows for best balance to be achieved under braking. However, since there is little weight over the front wheels, under acceleration, the front of the car is prone to lift and cause understeer. It is felt that the low polar inertia is crucial in selection of this layout. The mid-engined layout also uses up central space, making it impractical for any but two-seater sports cars.

In modern racing cars, RMR is the usual configuration and is usually synonymous with "rear engine". Due to its favorable weight dynamics, this layout is heavily employed in Formula racing cars (such as Formula One). This configuration was also common in very small engined 1950s microcars, in which the engines did not take up much space. Because of successes in racing, the RMR platform has been popular for road-going sports cars despite the inherent challenges of design, maintenance and lack of cargo space.

History

The 1923 Benz Tropfenwagen was the first race car with mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. It was based on an earlier design named Rumpler Tropfenwagen in 1921 made by Edmund von Rumpler, an Austrian engineer working at Daimler. The Benz Tropfenwagen was designed by Ferdinand Porsche along with Willy Walb and Hans Nibel. It raced in 1923 and 1924 and was most successful in the Italian Grand Prix in Monza where it stood fourth. Later, Ferdinand Porsche used mid-engine design concept towards the Auto Union Grand Prix cars of the 1930s which became the first winning RMR racers. They were decades before their time, although MR Miller Specials raced a few times at Indianapolis between 1939 and 1947. In 1953 Porsche premiered the tiny and altogether new RMR 550 Spyder and in a year it was notoriously winning in the smaller sports and endurance race car classes against much larger cars—a sign of greater things to come. The 718 followed similarly in 1958. But it was not until the late 1950s that RMR reappeared in Grand Prix (today's "Formula One") races in the form of the Cooper-Climax (1957), soon followed by cars from BRM and Lotus. Ferrari and Porsche soon made Grand Prix RMR attempts with less initial success. The mid-engined layout was brought back to Indianapolis in 1961 by the Cooper Car Company with Jack Brabham running as high as third and finishing ninth. Cooper did not return, but from 1963 on British built mid-engined cars from constructors like Brabham, Lotus and Lola competed regularly and in 1965 Lotus won Indy with their Type 38.

Cars using the layout

References

* [http://wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/canam/nf_canam_home.html wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/canam/nf_canam_home.html]
* [http://www.indycar.com/multimedia/photos/galleries.php www.indycar.com/multimedia/photos/galleries.php]
* [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/rcg.htm www.ddavid.com/formula1/rcg.htm]
* [http://www.chaparralcars.com www.chaparralcars.com]
* [http://www.racingsportscars.com/photo_lemans.html www.racingsportscars.com/photo_lemans.html]
* Porsche Spyder MR detail [http://www.spyderclub.com/articles/spyder_history/spyder_history.htm www.spyderclub.com/articles/spyder_history/spyder_history.htm]
* http://www.forix.com/8w/rear-engines-prewar.html
* NSX-R Article at Autozine [http://www.autozine.org/Graveyard/html/Honda/NSX.html#NSX-R]