- Boomerang effect
Social Psychology "The theory of psychological reactance (that people act to protect their sense of freedom) is supported by experiments showing that attempts to restrict a person's freedom often produce an anticonformity "boomerang effect" (Brehm, S., & Brehm, J.W. (1981). "Psychological reactance: a theory of freedom and control." New York: Academic Press.). For example, after women in Western universities give thought to how traditional culture expects women to behave, they become less - not more - likely to exhibit traditional feminine modesty." (Myers, 2008)
Environmentalism
The term "boomerang effect" can be used to describe the effects of a deliberate change to an
ecosystem , when these effects escape the control of those who introduced them. Examples include:* The introduction of
DDT as a pesticide, which led to the accumulation of the chemical in birds, interfering with their reproduction or killing them.
* The introduction of rabbits to Australia by Europeans, which became economically and environmentally damaging, as the rabbits had no natural predators.
* The draining of American wetlands since colonial times, resulting in flash-flooding and seasonal droughts.
* The installation of smokestacks to decrease pollution in local areas, resulting in spread of pollution at a higher altitude, and acid rain on an international scale.ocial marketing
In social marketing, the boomerang effect occurs as a result of attempted attitude change. If someone makes a strong attempt to change a prospect's attitude toward a subject, the prospect will counter with an equally strong response, even if prior to the confrontation, the prospect held a weak attitude toward the subject.
ports marketing
In
sports marketing the boomerang effect refers to the methodology for the measurement ofsponsorship return on investment .The boomerang effect has three distinct parts:;Investment:refers to a client’s initial investment in a sponsorship or promotion of a sports property;Activation:is the work that is done to execute the investment and make the sponsorship or promotion known and draw public interest;Returns:are the increase in either traffic or income, or both, to the client due to their investment
The quality of the investment and activation are the variables that drive the returns. Return on investment is calculated as the net profit attributable to the investment less the cost of the investment and activation, divided by the cost of the investment and activation.
References
*Myers, David G. (2008). "Social Psychology". New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
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