Robotic exploration of the Moon

Robotic exploration of the Moon

Pioneer program

*"Pioneer 0" (USA, 1958) – failure – orbiter
*"Pioneer 1" (USA, 1958) – failure – orbiter
*"Pioneer 3" (USA, 1958) – failure – flyby
*"Pioneer 4" (USA, 1959) – partial success – flyby

Luna programme

*"Luna 1" (Soviet Union, 1959) – success – flyby
*"Luna 2" (Soviet Union, 1959) – success – impactor
*"Luna 3" (Soviet Union, 1959) – success – flyby
*"Luna 4" (Soviet Union, 1963) – partial failure – lander (became probe)
*"Luna 9" (Soviet Union, 1966) – success – lander
*"Luna 10" (Soviet Union, 1966) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 11" (Soviet Union, 1966) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 12" (Soviet Union, 1966–67) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 13" (Soviet Union, 1966) – success – lander
*"Luna 14" (Soviet Union, 1968) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 16" (Soviet Union, 1970) – success – sample return
*"Luna 17" (Soviet Union, 1970) – success – lander
**"Lunokhod 1" (Soviet Union, 1970–71) – success – rover
*"Luna 19" (Soviet Union, 1971–72) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 20" (Soviet Union, 1972) – success – lander
*"Luna 21" (Soviet Union, 1973) – success – lander
**"Lunokhod 2" (Soviet Union, 1973) – success – rover
*"Luna 22" (Soviet Union, 1974–75) – success – orbiter
*"Luna 24" (Soviet Union, 1976) – success – lander

Ranger program

*"Ranger 3" (USA, 1962) – failure – impactor
*"Ranger 4" (USA, 1962) – success – impactor
*"Ranger 5" (USA, 1962) – partial failure – impactor (became flyby)
*"Ranger 6" (USA, 1964) – failure – impactor
*"Ranger 7" (USA, 1964) – success – impactor
*"Ranger 8" (USA, 1964) – success – impactor
*"Ranger 9" (USA, 1964) – success – impactor

Zond program

*"Zond 3" (Soviet Union, 1965) – success – flyby
*"Zond 5" (Soviet Union, 1968) – success – flyby
*"Zond 6" (Soviet Union, 1968) – success – flyby
*"Zond 7" (Soviet Union, 1969) – success – flyby
*"Zond 8" (Soviet Union, 1970) – success – flyby

urveyor program

*"Surveyor 1" (USA, 1966) – success – lander
*"Surveyor 2" (USA, 1966) – crashed – lander
*"Surveyor 3" (USA, 1967) – success – lander
*"Surveyor 4" (USA, 1967) – crashed – lander
*"Surveyor 5" (USA, 1967) – success – lander
*"Surveyor 6" (USA, 1967) – success – lander
*"Surveyor 7" (USA, 1968) – success – lander

Lunar Orbiter program

*"Lunar Orbiter 1" (USA, 1966) – success – orbiter
*"Lunar Orbiter 2" (USA, 1966–67) – success – orbiter
*"Lunar Orbiter 3" (USA, 1967) – success – orbiter
*"Lunar Orbiter 4" (USA, 1967) – success – orbiter
*"Lunar Orbiter 5" (USA, 1967–68) – success – orbiter

Explorer 35

*"Explorer 35" (USA, 1967–73) – success – orbiter

Galileo

*"Galileo" (USA, 1989–2003) – success – flyby

Hiten

*"Hiten" (Japan, 1990–93) – success – orbiter
**"Hagoromo" (Japan, 1990) – failure – orbiter

Clementine

*"Clementine" (USA, 1994) – success – orbiter

Lunar Prospector

*"Lunar Prospector" (USA, 1998–99) – success – orbiter

MART-1

*"SMART-1" (ESA, 2003–06) – success – orbiter

Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP)

*"Chang'e 1" (China, 2007–present) – success – orbiter
*"Chang'e 2" (China, 2009) – "pending" – lander
*"Chang'e 3" (China, 2017) – "pending" – sample return


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