Ulmus × viminalis

Infobox Cultivar | name = "Ulmus × viminalis"

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image_caption = × "viminalis", Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia
hybrid = "U. minor" subsp. "minor" × "U. minor" var. "plotii"
origin = England "Ulmus" × "viminalis" Lodd. is an elm hybrid derived from the crossing "U. minor" subsp. "minor" Richens × "U. minor" var. "plotii" Druce . The hybrid was first described from specimens growing in an avenue and in coppice growth nearby at Hanwell in England in 1677, possibly arising from a natural hybrid that occurred from Essex to Oxfordshire Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). "The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland". Vol. VII. pp 1848-1929. Private publication. [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/7tgbi/] ] . The tree was once commonly treated as a variety of "Ulmus procera", before it was determined as a hybrid by Melville Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. "Arnoldia", Vol. 24. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. [http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1605.pdf] ] .

Description

A very graceful but slow-growing tree that can ultimately reach 20 metres high, with ascending branches and pendulous branchlets bearing sparse foliage. It has deeply serrated leaves < 50 mm long which are nearly symmetrical at the base, long-acuminate at the tip, and have prominent white axil tufts on the undersides Bean, W. J. (1980) "Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain". 8th edition. Murray, London.] . The tree has been likened to "Zelkova × verschaffeltii" "Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs". (1977). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK.] .

Pests and diseases

Very susceptible to Dutch elm disease; a specimen at the Ryston Hall [http://www.rystonhall.co.uk/] , Norfolk, arboretum, obtained from the Späth nursery in Berlin before 1914 Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue, circa 1920] , was killed by the earlier strain of Dutch elm disease prevalent in the 1930s.

Cultivation

A few specimens survive in arboreta in the USA, UK, and Australia.

ynonymy

*"Ulmus antarctica" Hort.: Kirchner [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102729] , in Petzold [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102728] & Kirchner, "Arb. Muscav." 551, 1864.
*"Ulmus campestris" 'Betulinoides': Dieck (Zöschen, Germany) in "Haupt-Cat. Nachtrag 1," 1887.
*"Ulmus campestris" var. "betulaefolia": Loddiges (Hackney, London) catalogue of 1836, and later by Loudon in "Arb. Frut. Brit." 3: 1376, 1838.
*"U. campestris" var. "microphylla pendula" Hort.: Hartwig & Rümpler, "Ill. Geholzb." 580, 1875, as in synonymy.
*"Ulmus campestris" var. "nuda" subvar. "incisa" Hort.Vilv.: Wesmael [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=149831] , "Bull. Fed. Soc. Hort. Belg." 1862: 389 1863. Considered "possibly "U. viminalis" by Green (1964).
*"Ulmus campestris" var. "stricta": Audibert, (Tonelle, Tarascon, France), Catalogue, 1817, p. 23.
*"Ulmus campestris" var. "virginalis": Lavallée [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=100281] , "Arb. Segrez." 235, 1877, in synonymy.
*? "Ulmus campestris viminalis stricta": Boulger [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=174667] , in "Gard. Chron." II. 12: 298, 1879.
*"Ulmus gracilis" Hort.: Kirchner [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102729] , in Petzold [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102728] & Kirchner, "Arb. Muscav." 551, 1864.
*"Ulmus" 'Masters's Twiggy'. Masters, W. "Hortus Duroverni". 1831.
*"Ulmus montana viminalis marmorata" Hort.: Schelle in Beissner et al., "Handb. Laubh.-Benenn." 85, 1903.
*"Ulmus scabra viminalis gracilis" Hort.: Dieck (Zöschen, Germany), "Haupt-Cat." p. 82, 1885.
*"Ulmus scabra viminalis pulverulenta" Hort.: Dieck (Zöschen, Germany), "Haupt-Cat." p. 82, 1885, and Dippel, "Handb. Laubh." 2: 30, 1892.
*"Ulmus suberosa betuloides" Hort.: Kirchner [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102729] , in Petzold [http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=102728] & Kirchner, "Arb. Muscav." 553, 1864.
*"Ulmus viminalis pendula": Masters, in "Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc." 13: 90, 1891.

Accessions

North America

*Arnold Arboretum acc. no. 499-53

Europe

*Brighton & Hove City Council, NCCPG Elm Collection [http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042] UK champion: Upper Larkrise Wood, 23 m high, 50 cm d.b.h., last surveyed in 1995 Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). "Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland". Whittet Press, ISBN 9781873580615.] .
*Cambridge Botanic Garden [http://www.botanic.cam.ac.uk/] , University of Cambridge, UK, no accession details available.

Australasia

*Benalla Botanic Gardens: three specimens; listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust. [http://www.anbg.gov.au/chabg/bg-dir/013.html] . They are the only known cultivated examples of the hybrid in the country.

References